Pig populations at risk of &lt;em&gt;Taenia solium&lt;/em&gt; cysticercosis and subsequent financial losses in West and Central Africa

Assana, Emmanuel; Awah-Ndukum, Julius; Zoli, A; Etchiké, Clément Agnem; Mebenga, Aristide Sassa; Chepnda, Vitalis; Donadeu, Meritxell; Dungu, Baptiste

doi:10.19182/remvt.31257

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Taenia solium is an important cause of human morbidity and mortality in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa mainly due to neurocysticercosis, when the parasite encysts in the central nervous system [ 1 – 5 ]. Pigs act as the natural intermediate host for the parasite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control trial of porcine cysticercosis in Uganda using a combination of the TSOL18 vaccination and oxfendazole

Nsadha

Rutebarika²,

Ayebazibwe

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background Neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium when the parasite lodges in the central nervous system, is an important cause of human seizures and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasite is prevalent in many regions of Uganda. Pigs are intermediate hosts for T. solium, and we evaluated a T. solium control program in pigs, involving vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and treatment with oxfendazole. Methods The study was conducted in two districts of Eastern Uganda involving the rural village communities of Bukedea (intervention area) and Kumi (control area) during 2016–2017. Seven hundred and thirty-four households were enrolled in the study. Pigs in the intervention area received intramuscular immunizations with TSOL18 (Cysvax™) and an oral medication with 30 mg/kg oxfendazole (Paranthic™) at approximately 3-monthly intervals for 18 months. Porcine cysticercosis was evaluated by post-mortem examination. At the beginning of the study, 111 pigs were examined. In an interim evaluation in the intervention area, 55 pigs were evaluated 12 months after starting the project. At the end of the study approximately 3 months after the final intervention, 55 pigs from the intervention area and 56 pigs from the control area were evaluated. Results The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis for the two sites was 16.2% at the beginning of the study (17.2% in the intervention area and 15.1% in the control area) with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.759) between the two study sites. Among the 110 animals assessed from the intervention site (55 at the interim evaluation and 55 at the final evaluation), no pig with viable T. solium cysts was found. There was a statistically significant difference between the prevalence at baseline (17.2%) and at the end of the study (0%) in the intervention area (P = 0.001) and a statistically significant difference between the intervention (0%) and control areas (5.4%) (P = 0.041) at the end of the study. Conclusions Three-monthly concurrent vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and medication with oxfendazole eliminated T. solium transmission by the animals involved in the study. Application of vaccination with medication in pigs has the potential to reduce transmission of T. solium in Uganda and other endemic countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control trial of porcine cysticercosis in Uganda using a combination of the TSOL18 vaccination and oxfendazole

Nsadha

Rutebarika²,

Ayebazibwe

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Poverty

Self Cite

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“…Similarly, Bimi et al [2] recorded Taenia cysts in 18.8% among pigs slaughtered for consumption in the Northern Region of Ghana. Through their stochastic model, Assana et al [22] predicted the expected prevalence of Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis in Ghana at 25.6%. In another study in pig slaughterhouses in Kumasi, Atawalna and Mensah [23] also found a porcine cysticercosis prevalence of 2.31%, lower than the 24.9% recorded in this present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uganda has up to 45% of the pig population infected with cysticercosis in some villages, and cysticercosis prevalences in pigs in many countries stand at 10% [26]. Assana et al [22] estimated that 73.31% of pigs in Ghana are at risk of Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis among Humans and Pigs in Ghana

Addo

Majekodunmi

Donkor

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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In this study, the seroprevalence of the intestinal worms Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis in humans and pigs was assessed. A cross-sectional serological study design was performed. Blood samples were collected from 322 humans and 245 pigs used in the study. These were tested for markers of antibodies for Taenia solium and Trichinella spp. Demographic data such as sex, age, education, pig farming practices, and water source used were also obtained. An overall seroprevalence of 3.1% was recorded for Taenia solium in humans. There was also a statistical association between pig management system employed by pig farmers and seropositivity to Taenia solium ( p = 0.005 ). Factors such as mode of waste disposal ( p = 0.003 ) and water source used statistically correlated with Taenia solium seroprevalence among humans. For the pig samples, a Taenia solium seroprevalence of 24.9% was recorded. All the pig samples which tested positive for Taenia solium were reared on the free-ranged system. This study also recorded a seroprevalence of 0.31% for Trichinella spp. for humans and a seroprevalence of 4.5% for Trichinella spp. for pigs. Again, all the samples that showed serological evidence of Trichinella spp. among pigs came from those pigs which were raised on the free-ranged system. Proper pig management practice is a very important tool for controlling these intestinal parasites in both humans and animals. This study recommends public health education among the general public and good pig farming practices.

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“…The study showed that infected meat lost more than half of its market value, which explains the economic importance of T. solium cysticercosis as described in different studies in Africa (Trevisan et al, 2018;Dahourou et al, 2016;Nkwengulila, 2014;Assana et al, 2019). A number of such studies have reported reduction of pigs' market value when infected by T. solium.…”

Section: Pig Breeding Practices and Pig Farmer Awareness And Management Practices For Porcine Cysticercosismentioning

confidence: 93%

Farmers awareness and ethno-veterinary practices regarding porcine cysticercosis in the province of Boulkiemde, Burkina Faso

Dahourou¹,

Konate²,

Tapsoba³

et al. 2021

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Porcine cysticercosis is a major public health issue in Burkina Faso. This study investigated farmers' awareness and ethno-veterinary practices regarding this disease in Boulkiemde province, Burkina Faso. A survey was done with 132 randomly selected pig farmers in 10 villages of two municipalities of Boulkiemde province, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority of interviewed farmers (54%) were from the Koudougou municipality and female (77%). The average number of pigs per farm was 5.4, and all pigs were roaming free during the dry season. All farmers already heard about porcine cysticercosis and the condition had various names in local languages in the study area. In the area, 66% of farmers observed porcine cysticercosis in their pigs, and among them 85% have noted cysticercosis cases in their farms during a period of six months before the survey. During the survey, farmers stated that, on average, infected pigs lost 62% of their market value. Among farmers, 77% knew some traditional treatments based on plants. Fourteen plants species were documented as used in the treatment of this disease. The most commonly used plant species is Parkia biglobosa, with a frequency index of 37%. In general, the leaves (44%), bark (30%), seeds (23%) and roots (3%) are used in treatments that are administered only orally.

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Pig populations at risk of <em>Taenia solium</em> cysticercosis and subsequent financial losses in West and Central Africa

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Control trial of porcine cysticercosis in Uganda using a combination of the TSOL18 vaccination and oxfendazole

Control trial of porcine cysticercosis in Uganda using a combination of the TSOL18 vaccination and oxfendazole

Seroprevalence of Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis among Humans and Pigs in Ghana

Farmers awareness and ethno-veterinary practices regarding porcine cysticercosis in the province of Boulkiemde, Burkina Faso

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