Pig exploitation in the southern Kanto region, Japan

Anezaki, Tomoko

doi:10.1002/oa.866

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“… Comparison of bucco‐lingual measurements of mandibular P3, P4, M1M, M1D, M2M and M2D, using the logarithmic ratio technique. In this study, we used the standard measurements of P3 (6.61), P4 (9.39), M1M (10.22), M1D (11.18), M2M (13.53) and M2D (13.81) from 22 Japanese wild boars in Kanagawa prefecture (Anezaki 2007). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and genetic analysis of Vietnamese Sus scrofa bones for evidence of pig domestication

Ishiguro

Sasaki²,

Iwasa

et al. 2008

Animal Science Journal

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In the present study, we used morphological and genetic analyzes to distinguish bones of domestic boars from those of wild boars. We analyzed 65 Sus bones (cranium, mandible and teeth) stored in three research institutes in Vietnam and in a village in Vietnam. Based on comparison of bucco‐lingual measurements of mandibular parts, the 58 specimens were morphologically classified into two size groups: a large bone group and a small bone group. Analysis of 572‐bp mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences indicated that the large bones had genetic links to wild boar lineage including Ryukyu, Taiwan and Korean wild boars, and that the small bone group was closely related to East Asian domestic pigs. The phylogenetic analysis and parsimonious networks constructed among mtDNA haplotypes belonging to Ryukyu wild boar lineage showed that the Ryukyu wild boar is closely related to the Vietnamese wild boars, and uniquely miniaturized on their islands after the Ryukyu archipelago became isolated from the Asian continent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those measurements were compared with corresponding measurements for a standard population, using the logarithmic ratio technique (Simpson 1941). The standard population used in the present study comprised 22 modern Japanese wild boars from Kanagawa Prefecture (Anezaki 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and genetic analysis of Vietnamese Sus scrofa bones for evidence of pig domestication

Ishiguro

Sasaki²,

Iwasa

et al. 2008

Animal Science Journal

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“…Sex and age determinations were based on Duerst (1926), Hayashi (1975), von den Driesch (1976), Hayashi et al (1977), and Anezaki (2009). Measurements were taken on the mandible and lower teeth based on von den Driesch (1976), Endo et al (1994Endo et al ( , 1998aEndo et al ( , b, 2002, and Anezaki (2007). Eleven measurements of mandibles and twelve measurements of lower teeth were taken with a digital caliper ( Table 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods and benefits of log ratios are discussed elsewhere (e.g., Davis, 1996 ;Meadow, 1999 ;Albarella, 2002 ;Thomas, 2005 ;Sykes et al, 2013). The "standard" used in this study is the average of measurements of a collection of 26 modern wild boar specimens from Kanagawa Prefecture in the southern Kanto region, currently stored at Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History (Anezaki, 2007 ;Anezaki et al, 2008). When the LSI value of the measurement is positive, the size of the specimen is larger than the standard, and if negative, the size is smaller than the standard.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and shape variation of mandible and mandibular teeth in the Ryukyu wild boar (Sus scrofa riukiuanus)

智子¹,

一美²,

弥悦³

2013

The Quat. Res.

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The morphological variations between different populations of modern Ryukyu wild boar found on Amami, Kakeroma, Tokunoshima, Okinawa, Ishigaki, and Iriomote islands are investigated in this study. The size of mandibles and length of M3 in males and females of age groups IV-V were compared. Then the bucco-lingual measurements of P3, P4, M1 and M2 were compared to the corresponding dimensions of a standard population using logarithmic ratio technique (LSI). Seven non-metrical characters of the mandible were compared between the populations. As a result, a different pattern was observed between mandibles and teeth. This was apparent especially in Ishigaki, where the size of mandibles of Sus was large compared to Amami, Okinawa, and Iriomote populations, but the size of teeth was small. The pattern of non-metrical characters was similar between Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Kyushu populations, with relatively high proportion of P1 and lost heptapreconulid ; Amami, Okinawa and Honshu populations comprised another group, with lost P1 and lost heptapreconulid. Based on the result of non-metrical analyses and size of teeth in the present study, the morphological characteristics of Sus from Tokunoshima and Okinawa were similar to Kakeroma and Amami and not to Ishigaki and Iriomote. Furthermore, the morphological characteristics of Sus from Tokunoshima and Kakeroma were more similar to Okinawa than to Amami in the base shape of the mandible and the relatively high proportion of the presence of a notch. The situation of Sus in Amami, with their size and shape differing the most from other modern Ryukyu wild boars, would appear to be the result of the island rule or the decline in body size exhibited by insular populations of artiodactyls compared with their mainland relatives. The Sus in Amami may have been separated for a longer period of time than other Ryukyu wild boars in the Nansei islands. The situation of Sus in Kakeroma and Tokunoshima was questionable since they had sizes and shapes more similar to Okinawa than to Amami despite their geographical locations. The study suggests a possibility of human interference in some of the islands where the wild boars live today. The present study has shown that by using the log ratio technique and non-metrical characteristics, it is possible to gain insight on the size and morphological variations of Ryukyu wild boars even for islands with only a small sample size.

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“…5 Although there is evidence of domestic pigs in China as early as 8,000 BP (Jing and Flad, 2002) and in Japan from at least the Early Jomon Period (ca. 7,000-5,500 BP; Anezaki, 2007), a detailed review of these pig domestication studies has been excluded from this research. The reason behind this decision is that the focus of this review has been put on areas that might have had some connection with Italy in the past or might have shared similar histories and/or cultural idiosyncrasies.…”

Section: Pig Domestication In Archaeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origins and Evolution of Pig Domestication in Italy: A regional and diachronic study of husbandry practices

Tecce¹

2020

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The emergence of the Neolithic in Europe represents a key moment in human history, and the domestication of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) and the emergence of the pig (Sus domesticus) a fundamental aspect of that process. In Italy, the phenomenon of pig domestication in prehistory is still not entirely understood. The main objective of this PhD is to contribute to the understanding of the origins and development of pig domestication in prehistoric Italy, from a wide regional scale and a diachronic perspective. Some key archaeological questions addressed in this research concern how and when the process of pig domestication commenced in Italy, how it evolved thereafter, and how it compares and integrates with the wider European and Middle Eastern scenarios.The main methodology used to tackle this objective is the collection of comparable data from several Italian prehistoric sites in order to detect patterns of regional and chronological change, from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age. The analysis relies mainly on biometrical data, but it is complemented with evidence of kill-off patterns and sex ratios, in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the domestication event.The results support the view that a domesticated pig occurred in Italy from the Early Neolithic, although it only became morphologically distinct from the Late Neolithic onwards. This change in pig size and shape seems to signify a shift from an earlier loose management strategy of pig keeping to a close domestic control of pigs in later times, articulating with historical changes in Italian societies. The Italian pig domestication process shares similarities and differences with other European and Middle Eastern cases, highlighting the diverse trajectories this process took in different areas, in tune with the regional particularities of the spread of the Neolithic in Europe.preferred to those who think they've found it.Terry Pratchett -Monstrous Regiment This PhD would not have been achieved without the kind support and assistance of several people, both in Italy and the United Kingdom. This PhD was made possible by the funding of the University of Sheffield's University Prize Scholarship, which was awarded to me at the beginning of this journey. My academic experience in Sheffield has always been first class, with both staff and fellow students being always friendly and helpful, and I am very proud to be counted amongst their alumni.First and foremost, I owe a great debt of gratitude to my supervisor and good friend, Umberto Albarella, who has offered me immense help and support all throughout my PhD, demonstrating a great deal of patience and understanding not only on the academic but also on the personal side of the work. He also very kindly made available his extensive pig datasets for inclusion in this project. Many thanks also to my second supervisor, Gianna Ayala, who was also of great help and assistance.In my first data collection trip to Rome, I was warmly welcomed by Maurizio Moscoloni and by Claudia Minitti. My deepest t...

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Pig exploitation in the southern Kanto region, Japan

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Morphological and genetic analysis of Vietnamese Sus scrofa bones for evidence of pig domestication

Morphological and genetic analysis of Vietnamese Sus scrofa bones for evidence of pig domestication

Size and shape variation of mandible and mandibular teeth in the Ryukyu wild boar (Sus scrofa riukiuanus)

The Origins and Evolution of Pig Domestication in Italy: A regional and diachronic study of husbandry practices

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