Piezoresistivity of Nickel Powder Filled Cement-based Composite

Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures

“…Monitoring the states of concrete structures in their whole life cycles has become an important issue in recent years (Han et al, 2008, 2014a, 2015a; Leng et al, 2006). Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays a significant role in continuously monitoring and evaluating the state of concrete structures, since the SHM systems can collect real-time data on the condition of the structures using a network of sensory devices, and the measured data such as displacement, acceleration, and strain can be used for determining whether or how to maintain and repair the infrastructures (Azhari, 2008; Xiao, 2006). Conventional strain sensors including electrical resistance strain gauges, shape memory alloy, and piezoelectric ceramics have been widely incorporated into SHM systems (Han et al, 2008; Xiao, 2006).…”

“…Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays a significant role in continuously monitoring and evaluating the state of concrete structures, since the SHM systems can collect real-time data on the condition of the structures using a network of sensory devices, and the measured data such as displacement, acceleration, and strain can be used for determining whether or how to maintain and repair the infrastructures (Azhari, 2008; Xiao, 2006). Conventional strain sensors including electrical resistance strain gauges, shape memory alloy, and piezoelectric ceramics have been widely incorporated into SHM systems (Han et al, 2008; Xiao, 2006). However, the conventional strain sensors have some drawbacks, such as poor durability, low sensitivity, high cost, low survival rate, and unfavorable compatibility with concrete structures (Deng and Sun, 2005; Han and Ou, 2007; Han et al, 2007, 2011a, 2014b, 2015b).…”

“…The SCCs with CFs were first developed by Chung (Chiarello and Zinno, 2005). Since then, different carbon materials, such as CBs (Dai et al, 2010; Han et al, 2010b; Xiao, 2006), CNTs, and carbon nanofiber (Azhari, 2008; Han et al, 2009a, 2012; Li et al, 2007; Materazzi et al, 2013; Yu and Kwon, 2009), have been used to fabricate SCCs. In the last decade, nanotechnology has been successfully applied to cementitious composites to enhance some of their traditional properties, such as durability and strength, while also to endow the cementitious composites with new functional capabilities.…”

“…Some researches on the conductivity and piezoresistivity of NCB-filled cementitious composites have been done. Xiao (2006) investigated the percolation threshold and correlation between FCR and compressive strain of the cementitious composites with NCBs under monotonic loading to failure. They obtained the percolation threshold zone of the NCB cementitious composites from 7.22 to 11.39 vol.%.…”

“…The lowest compressive strength is 22 MPa when the NCB content is 2.78 vol.%. Xiao (2006) investigated the correlation of the fractional change in resistance and compressive stress/strain of cementitious composite with 8.79 vol.% of NCBs under cyclic compressive loading. They found that the amplitudes of the fractional change in resistance are 4.5% and 16% corresponding to the amplitudes of compressive stress/strain of 8.33 MPa/800 µε and 29.17 MPa/2700 µε, respectively.…”