Piezonuclear Fission Reactions from Earthquakes and Brittle Rocks Failure: Evidence of Neutron Emission and Non-Radioactive Product Elements

Abstract

Neutron emission measurements, by means of He 3 devices and bubble detectors, were performed during three different kinds of compression tests on brittle rocks: (i) under monotonic displacement control, (ii) under cyclic loading, and (iii) by ultrasonic vibration. The material used for the tests was Luserna stone, with different specimen sizes and shapes, and consequently with different brittleness numbers. Some studies had been already conducted on the different forms of energy emitted during the failure of brittle materials. They are based on the signals captured by acoustic emission measurement systems, or on the detection of electromagnetic charge. On the other hand, piezonuclear neutron emissions from very brittle rock specimens in compression have been discovered only very recently. In this paper, the authors analyse this phenomenon from an experimental point of view. Since the analyzed material contains iron, additional experiments have been performed on steel specimens subjected to tension and compression, observing, also in this case, neutron emissions well distinguishable from the background level. Our conjecture is that piezonuclear reactions involving fission of iron into aluminum, or into magnesium and silicon, should have occurred during compression damage and failure. This hypothesis is confirmed by the direct evidence of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) tests conducted on the specimens. It is also interesting to emphasize that the anomalous chemical balances of the major events that have affected the geomechanical and geochemical evolution of the Earth's Crust should be considered as an indirect evidence of the piezonuclear fission reactions considered above.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Correlation between acoustic and other forms of energy emissions from fracture phenomena

“…In general, neutron measurements of specimens M-20-1 type yielded values Moreover, the volumes of all the tested specimens are shown in Table 1. As reported by the Authors in a previous work [27], a volume approximately exceeding 200,000 mm 3 , combined with the extreme brittleness of the tested material, represents a threshold value for a NE of about one order of magnitude higher than the ordinary background.…”

Homeopathy—A Regulation Therapy Healing Hypo- or Hyper-functions of Pathological Pathways by Magnetic Photons according to the Resonance Principle

“…The following proposal may solve that problem. Really there exists a simple physical law: the Piezo effect which is described to be more effective by Alberto Carpinteri [47]. Vibration pressure and succussions are the same: a material substance is misformed in its structure, dipoles are formed, then an electric voltage, and finally an electromagnetic field.…”

“…In this situation photons are emitted from the original substance. A nuclear fission could happen without any dangerous radiation as Carpinteri says [47]. This may explain the formation of magnetic photons during the production of homeopathic remedies by repeated succussions of a diluted substance.…”

Reply to “Comments on ‘Geomechanical and Geochemical Evidence of Piezonuclear Fission Reactions in the Earth's Crust’ by A. Carpinteri and A. Manuello” by U. Bardi and G. Comoretto

“…For this reason, they conclude that such reactions cannot be responsible for the compositional variations reported in the article. They seem to deliberately ignore the fact that in the article they comment on, as well as in all other works published by Carpinteri and coauthors about the argument, these fission reactions, referred to as piezonuclear, are acknowledged to be anomalous nuclear phenomena .…”

“…Only very recently, independent authors provided a theoretical explanation for the experimental evidence that fracturing piezoelectric rocks produces neutrons . As reported in all papers published by Carpinteri and co‐workers on this argument, anomalous neutron emissions represent the first evidence of the piezonuclear reactions taking place in nonradioactive or inert rocks during fracture . Furthermore, whether these reactions should be regarded as exoenergetic or endoenergetic is still an open question.…”