Piezomagnetic Effect at the Time of Local Earthquakes

Breiner, Sheldon

doi:10.1038/202790a0

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Some researchers (Stacey, 1963;Breiner, 1964) asserted an existence of geomagnetic pulsations as a precursor of earthquakes. This precursor is assumed to be due to a change in magnetic permeability of the piezo-magnetic rock resulting from changes in stress before the earthquake which occurred in Nevada in 1962 (Breiner, 1964), but was not confirmed by a severe earthquake in Washington in 1965 (Kenney and Johnson, 1966).…”

Section: The Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomagnetic pulsations

1969

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Section: The Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomagnetic pulsations

1969

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“…The observation of a piezomagnetic or tectonomagnetic effect in the earth's crust has been the object of a number of experiments [Breiner, 1963;Breiner and Kovach, 1967; Hasbrouk and Allen, 1973;Johnston et al, 1975;Smith and Johnston, 1976], A major difficulty with such measurements has been the large background noise due to ionospheric currents which can be orders of magnitude greater than the expected stress-related change of about a gamma or so. However, the use of instruments with very high accuracy and stability in a differential mode over a base line of the order of 10 km has generally permitted a reduction in common mode background noise to the level of a few gammas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomagnetic field gradient measurements and noise reduction techniques in Colorado

Beahn¹

1976

J. Geophys. Res.

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Two rubidium narrow line magnetometers were operated in a differe, ntial mode along a 12-km base line near Boulder, Colorado, and the total field gradient measured to high accuracy. A number of runs of difference field were made from March through September of 1974. The results showed that daily averages were generally constant to within +0.1 • during quiet or disturbed periods with the exception of a few days in late August and early September. The agreement is eXCellent between the observed difference field and a difference field calculated from the measured east-west field Y and a transfer function appropriate to a local conductivity anomaly. Accounting for the effect of the anomaly typically permits a reduction of a factor of 3 in the standard deviation of the daily average; on very disturbed days a reduction of a factor of 5 in gradiometer noise was achieved. For periods of more than several days the corrections for anomaly edge effects are comparatively small.

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“…In 1964 two articles appeared dealing with the detection of anomalous magnetic impulses before an earthquake [Breiner, 1964;Moore, 1964]. The duration of these impulses indicated the disturbance was in the ULF range.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Emission In the Ultra-low Frequency Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena

Gershenzon¹,

Bambakidis²

2001

Russ. J. Earth Sci.

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Abstract.A model for seismo-electromagnetic (SEM) phenomena is described. The electromagnetic signals generated by mechanical disturbances in the earths crust have been calculated and compared with reported seismo-electromagnetic signals (SEMS). The major known SEM phenomena, namely, tectonomagnetic variations, electrotelluric anomalies, geomagnetic variations in the ultra-low frequency range and electromagnetic emission in the radio frequency range, have been considered. We have calculated the spectral densities associated with various types of sources. The set of formulas necessary to calculate the detected (filtered and averaged) electric and magnetic fields generated by mechanical disturbances for a wide range of frequencies and at various distances from the source are presented. Based on these formulas, we discuss the conditions under which electrokinetic, piezomagnetic and piezolectric effects could be responsible for SEMS. A comparison of estimated values of SEMS with reported field measurements leads to the conclusion that the sources of most anomalous SEMS are relatively close to the detector. In other words, the source of the signal is local, although the source of the mechanical disturbance which activates it, i.e. the epicenter of an earthquake, may be far away. Recommendations for field experiments (appropriate detector sitting, detector parameters and frequency range) following from the model developed here are presented.

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Piezomagnetic Effect at the Time of Local Earthquakes

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Geomagnetic pulsations

Geomagnetic pulsations

Geomagnetic field gradient measurements and noise reduction techniques in Colorado

Modeling of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena

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