Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Anti‐Protein Immunosensors Based on Immobilized Fullerene C60‐Proteins

Abstract

Various fullerene C60-proteins such as C60-myoglobin (C60-Mb), C60-hemoglobin (C60-Hb) and C60gliadin, coated piezoelectric quartz crystals were prepared and applied in piezoelectric quartz crystal immunosensors for protein-antibodies such as anti-myoglobin (Anti-Mb), anti-hemoglobin (Anti-Hb) and anti-gliadin respectively. The immobilizations of myoglobin, hemoglobin and gliadin onto Fullerene C60 were studied with a C60-coated piezoelectric crystal detection system, respectively. The partially irreversible frequency responses for theses proteins were observed by a desorption study, implying that C60 can strongly adsorb these proteins. Thus, immobilized C60-Mb, C60-Hb and C60-gliadin coating materials were successfully prepared and identified with FTIR spectrometry. The C60-Mb, C60-Hb and C60gliadin coated piezoelectric (PZ) quartz crystal immunosensors with homemade computer interfaces for signal acquisition and data processing were developed and applied for detection of Anti-Mb, Anti-Hb and anti-gliadin respectively. The C60-protein coated PZ immunosensors for Anti-Mb, Anti-Hb and antigliadin exhibited linear frequency responses to the concentrations of theses anti-proteins with sensitivities of 1.43´10 3 , 2.59´10 3 and 8.05´10 3 Hz/(mg/mL) respectively. The detection limits of these PZ-immunosensors were 4.36´10 -3 , 3.23´10 -3 and 1.98´10 -3 mg/mL for Anti-Mb, Anti-Hb and anti-gliadin respectively. Effects of pH and temperature on the frequency responses of the anti-protein PZ-immunosensors were also investigated. The optimum pH of these anti-proteins and the optimum temperature for the PZ-immunosensors were observed at pH = 7 and around 30 o C respectively. The interferences of various common species in human blood, e.g., cysteine, tyrosine, urea, glucose, ascorbic acid and metal ions, to these anti-protein PZ-immunosensors were also investigated respectively. These species showed nearly no interference or quite small interference with the anti-protein PZ-immunosensors. The reproducibility and lifetime of these immobilized C60-protein coated PZ crystal immunosensors were also investigated and discussed. Fig. 7. Concentration effects of (a) anti-myoglobin and (b) anti-hemoglobin on frequency responses of C60-myoglobin and C60-hemoglobin coated PZ crystal sensors respectively. 1392 www.jccs.wiley-vch.de CHEMICAL SOCIETY

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“…17) [146]. A similar study was performed in 2013 by the production of C 60 -myoglobin (C 60 -Mb), C 60 -Hb and C 60 -gliadin coated piezoelectric (PZ) quartz crystal immunosensors by Liao and Shih [147].…”