Piezoelectric power generation in tires

Makki, Noaman; Pop‐Iliev, Remon

doi:10.1117/2.1201104.003702

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…At the contact patch the sidewalls deform so that the piezoelectric experiences an additional dynamic force. A time of 180 s (240 rotations) was taken to reach a voltage threshold of 10 V compared to only 6.8 s (9 rotations) for the inner wheel attachment indicating the lower power generation level of such an approach, which was 70 μW with 67 kΩ electrical load. PVDF ribbons have also been considered by Makki et al whereby the piezoelectric element is not directly bonded to the tire, but is bonded to the bead section and the ribbon is deformed as the tire height or width changes during rotation, such an approach produced a power of ≈0.2 mW.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Harvestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Harvesting Technologies for Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems

Bowen

Arafa

2014

Advanced Energy Materials

127

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technologies for TPMS was presented by Roundy [ 1 ] and Kubba et al. [ 2 ] recently provided an excellent and detailed overview of TPMS systems. TPMS are becoming increasingly mandatory in the automotive market as more stringent environmental regulatory frameworks [ 3 ] are being established to lower fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. Maintaining a correct tire pressure also contributes signifi cantly to passenger safety as it directly affects the vehicle's handling and control. Underinfl ated tires can cause high heat generation, which leads to rapid tire wear, tread separation, blow-out, and loss of vehicle control. Vehicles with underinfl ated tires also suffer from reduced lateral stability and require longer stopping distances, especially on wet roads. Overinfl ated tires, on the other hand, suffer from poor grip and reduce the vehicle's stability. Tire failure at high speed is a particular concern since it increases the potential for vehicle roll-over.To alleviate these problems, TPMS are being designed to continuously monitor the air pressure inside automotive tires. The purpose of TPMS is to provide a warning signal if the air pressure inside the tire falls outside maximum/minimum safe limits. Conventional TPMS consist of tire pressure modules that are either installed onto the wheel rim, inside the tire cavity, or are attached to the inner lining of the tire. The pressure sensors continuously measure the air pressure, as well as other physical quantities such as temperature and acceleration, and transmit the readings to an onboard receiver/display by radio frequency transmission.The direct and indirect methods are used to monitor tire pressure. The indirect system relies on the fact that an underinfl ated tire, with a smaller diameter, will rotate faster than a correctly infl ated tire. For these systems, each wheel contains a rotational speed sensor and the speed of each wheel is compared to the average speed of all the wheels to determine if one is rotating signifi cantly faster than the others. Indirect methods also include those measuring the distance of the wheel centers to the ground and identifying an underinfl ated tire as one with its wheel center closer to the ground. The direct system has sensors within each tire to measure the pressure directly and this data is relayed to the driver in real-time. Although the systems vary in transmitting options, most direct systems use radio frequency (RF) signals to send data to an electronic control unit.Currently, the electrical power for TPMS is provided almost exclusively by batteries, which have a limited lifespan and Tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) are becoming increasingly important to ensure safe and effi cient use of tires in the automotive sector. A typical TPMS system consists of a battery powered wireless sensor, as part of the tire, and a remote receiver to collect sensor data, such as pressure and temperature. In order to provide a maintenance-free and battery-less sensor solution there is growing interest in using energy harvesting ...

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Section: Piezoelectric Harvestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piezolectric bender devices have also been considered by Makki et al; unlike the inertial piezoelectric cantilevers these devices are often used in strain‐driven mode. Two approaches were considered where a PZT bender was directly bonded to the inner surface of the tire.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Harvestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Harvesting Technologies for Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems

Bowen

Arafa

2014

Advanced Energy Materials

127

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“…Attempts to harvest energy from direct strain energy in a tyre inner surface were carried out by Apollo [58], [59] and Ende et al [57]. In 2005, Apollo achieved a maximum power of 0.9 mW at 80 km/h using a 80 mm × 80 mm layer of PVDF film piezo element under a 400 kg load.…”

Section: Possible Energy Sources For a Tyre Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In November 2011, Makki [59] presented three energy harvesting techniques within a tyre structure based on tyre deformation in various parts in the tyre, but instead of directly bonding the piezoelectric element to the inner tyre surface, a very thin piezoelectric element was bonded to a reinforcement plate, layer, or ribbon. The first design consisted of a PZT bender bonded to the inner liner of the tyre opposite to the treads; that is a flexible PZT unimorph made of a 25 mm in diameter PZT on a 44 mm diameter plate.…”

Section: Possible Energy Sources For a Tyre Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 80 rpm, the first design generated an average power of 4.6 mW with a peak voltage of 45.5 V. Similarly and under the same motion conditions, the second design generated 0.85 mW with a peak voltage of 62.3 V, and the third design generated 0.23 mW and 18.7 V. Different resistive loads were used for each design to approach the maximum power output condition. It's worth mentioning that in the latter study by Makki[59], the tyre deformation criteria was the contact patch length, which was tested within the range (11.43–16.51) cm, based on an average contact patch length of 14 cm for an average passenger vehicle. The experimental results however showed that the output power has insignificant dependency on the contact patch length, as long as it at least covers the piezoelectric harvester entirely.…”

Section: Possible Energy Sources For a Tyre Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Study on Technologies of Tyre Monitoring Systems and Possible Energy Solutions

Kubba

Jiang

2014

Sensors

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This article presents an overview on the state of the art of Tyre Pressure Monitoring System related technologies. This includes examining the latest pressure sensing methods and comparing different types of pressure transducers, particularly their power consumption and measuring range. Having the aim of this research to investigate possible means to obtain a tyre condition monitoring system (TCMS) powered by energy harvesting, various approaches of energy harvesting techniques were evaluated to determine which approach is the most applicable for generating energy within the pneumatic tyre domain and under rolling tyre dynamic conditions. This article starts with an historical review of pneumatic tyre development and demonstrates the reasons and explains the need for using a tyre condition monitoring system. Following this, different tyre pressure measurement approaches are compared in order to determine what type of pressure sensor is best to consider in the research proposal plan. Then possible energy harvesting means inside land vehicle pneumatic tyres are reviewed. Following this, state of the art battery-less tyre pressure monitoring systems developed by individual researchers or by world leading tyre manufacturers are presented. Finally conclusions are drawn based on the reviewed documents cited in this article and a research proposal plan is presented.

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Design, modeling, and analysis of a high performance piezoelectric energy harvester for intelligent tires

et al. 2019

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Summary Basic parameters affecting vehicle safety and performance such as pressure, temperature, friction coefficient, and contact‐patch dimensions are measured in intelligent tires via sensors that require electric power for operation and wireless communication to be synchronized to the vehicle monitoring and control system. Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) can extract a fraction of energy that is wasted as a result of deflection during rolling of tires, and this extracted energy can be used to power up sensors embedded in intelligent tires. A new design of PEH inspired from Cymbal PEHs is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in this paper. Cymbal PEHs are proven to be useful in vibration energy harvesting, and in this paper, for the first time, the modified shape of Cymbal energy harvester is used as strain‐based energy harvester for the tire application. The shape of the harvester is adjusted in a way that it can be safely embedded on the inner surface of tires. In addition to the high performance, ease of manufacturing is another advantage of this new design. A multiphysics model is developed and validated to determine the output voltage, power, and energy of the designed PEH. The modeling results indicated that the maximum output voltage, the maximum electric power, and the accumulated harvested energy are about 3.5 V, 2.8 mW, and 24 mJ/rev, respectively, which are sufficient to power two sensors. In addition, the possibility is shown to supply power to five sensors by increase in piezoelectric material thickness. The effect of rolling tire temperature on the performance of the proposed PEH is also studied.

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Piezoelectric power generation in tires

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Energy Harvesting Technologies for Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems

Energy Harvesting Technologies for Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems

A Comprehensive Study on Technologies of Tyre Monitoring Systems and Possible Energy Solutions

Design, modeling, and analysis of a high performance piezoelectric energy harvester for intelligent tires

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