Piezoelectric, nonliner optical, electro-optical, and pyroelectric properties of cesium hydrogen malate hydrate crystal

Abstract

Cesium hydrogen L-malate monohydrate crystals are shown to be a promising material for several potential applications. The crystals display an exceptionally large piezoelectric coefficient, d22=23.7pm∕V. They are also an efficient generator of the optical second harmonic of near infrared light, being close to an order of magnitude more efficient than potassium diphosphate crystals. A relatively strong electro-optic response (the figure of merit 12∣n1r12−n3r32∣ was found to be 4.83pm∕V) and a reasonable pyroelectric coefficient (p2=2.5×10−4μC∕cm2K at 245K) are also observed.

Growth and physical properties of a new chiral open-framework crystal for NLO applications: Cesium hydrogen l-malate monohydrate

“…Early reports on the generation of second harmonic in CsLM employed the Kurtz powder test [15,21,22]. It has been observed that CsLM generates about 2.5 times more intense secondharmonic signal than that generated by KDP, a state of the art nonlinear optical material used in commercial infrared lasers.…”

Synthesis, growth, thermal, optical, dielectric and mechanical properties of semi-organic NLO crystal: Potassium hydrogen malate monohydrate

“…The SHG relative efficiency of PHMM crystal was found to be 1.2 times higher than that of KDP. CsLM crystals are an order of magnitude more efficient than KDP [6].…”

“…L-Arginine phosphate [3], L-histidine hydrochlorides [4], zinc thiourea sulfate [5], cesium hydrogen malate hydrate (CsLM) [6] and cadmium mercury thiocyanate [7] are the famous reported semi-organic crystals. CsLM crystals are an order of magnitude more efficient than KDP in generating the 532 nm second harmonic of a neodymium-doped yttrium garnet laser [6]. The advantage of semi-organic materials is that crystals can be grown from aqueous solutions and also easily cut and polished.…”