Piezoelectric fuel injection: Cycle-to-cycle control of tightly spaced injections

Model-based estimation of piezoelectric fuel injector parameters

“…The blue lines represent the output fuel flow rate of the state estimator while using an erroneous initial "guess" of A 1 (x 2 ), of the form in Eqn. (7). The red lines represent the performance of the estimator after A 1,estimator has been updated with the red points obtained from fifteen boot-shaped injections.…”

“…In addition, model-based fuel flow estimators for both cycle-tocycle and within-a-cycle control were developed in [7] and [8], respectively. In this paper, a model-based parameter estimation strategy for the piezoelectric fuel injector that estimates the injector's needle seat effective area as function of needle lift is outlined.…”

Development of a Piezo-Driven Liquid Jet Dispenser with Hinge-Lever Amplification Mechanism

“…The piezoelectric actuators have numerous applications in the areas of needle-free drug delivery, vibration suppression, active shape control, energy harvesting, inkjet printing, and fuel injectors [17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, piezo actuators have one major drawback that is their small output displacements but because of their compact structure and easy usability, their demand and applications are increasing [23].…”

“…One of the most commonly adopted displacement amplification structure is a rhombus-type compliant mechanism [31,32]. Its most of the aspects including enhanced mathematical modelling to simplified structure models and various application case studies with detailed experiments have been discussed since the past fifteen years [4,7,11,18,21,30,[33][34][35][36]. The second famous displacement amplification in literature is a bi-piezoelectrically driven lever-type displacement amplification mechanism that is more recent and has been the focus of attention until now [8,9,12,37].…”

“…The second famous displacement amplification in literature is a bi-piezoelectrically driven lever-type displacement amplification mechanism that is more recent and has been the focus of attention until now [8,9,12,37]. Similarly, some mechanisms are less famous that employ various kinds of piezo-actuators in novel configurations, either for dispenser fabrication or for the high-velocity jet injection [2,14,18,38]. In addition, amplified piezo-actuators are being used effectively in similar areas of applications as MEMS and in EHD inkjet technology, where similar mechanisms and approaches are used however properties of the working fluid and number of nozzles are the major priorities in such kind of system designs [22,[39][40][41][42][43].…”