Piezoelectric crystal for the detection of immunoreactions in buffer solutions

Orientational Aspects of Antibody Immobilization and Immunological Activity on Quartz Crystal Microbalance Electrodes

“…Details of the experimental system have been described else-plies, Christchurch, UK) was freshly cleaved immediately before use. Gold (99.99% pure) was then deposited directly where ( 13 ) . QCM measurements in aqueous solution were possible only when one side of the crystal was sealed in onto the mica using high vacuum sputtering (0.5 Pa atmosphere of argon) at a rate of 1 nm/s to yield a final thickness a rubber casing ( 13 ) .…”

“…Gold (99.99% pure) was then deposited directly where ( 13 ) . QCM measurements in aqueous solution were possible only when one side of the crystal was sealed in onto the mica using high vacuum sputtering (0.5 Pa atmosphere of argon) at a rate of 1 nm/s to yield a final thickness a rubber casing ( 13 ) . of approximately 35 ({ 1) nm (as measured in situ by a buffer (pH 7.5) at 36ЊC and after stabilization (usually within 10 min), 10 ml of sheep IgG (6.7 mg/ml) or antiquartz crystal thickness monitor (Maxtek)).…”

Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Bioanalytical Applications

“…A frequently used method is based on simple physisorption of the desired compound on clean gold surfaces [103, 105-107, 112, 123-125] and polymers [74,94,126]. The stability of the immobilized molecules does not differ considerably from that of covalently coupled molecules [110,113,124,127,128]. However, using these conventional immobilization techniques, there is a lack of control in properly orienting the biomolecules, limiting the portion of available binding sites.…”

Study of Adsorption Behavior of Bilirubin on Human-Albumin Monolayer Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance

“…It was shown that the resonance frequency of a QCM operating in the liquid phase is influenced by the viscoelasticity of the adhesion layer and solution properties; the QCM does not behave as predicted by the Sauerbrey equation (25)(26)(27). To characterize the properties of the albumin layer on the surface of QCM, the values of R for QCM with and without humanalbumin layer were measured both in air and in solution with the impedance analysis method.…”