Piezoelectric activity in a copolymer of acrylonitrile and methylacrylate

Berlepsch, Hans von; Künstler, W.; Wedel, Armin; Danz, R.; Geiß, D.

doi:10.1109/14.90298

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is in part due to the fact that no amorphous piezoelectric polymers have exhibited responses high enough to attract commercial interest. Much of the previous work resides in the area of nitrile substituted polymers including polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (2 (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), poly(vinylidenecyanide vinylacetate) (PVDCN/VAc) (23)(24)(25)(26), polyphenylethernitrile (PPEN) (27,28) and poly(lbicyclobutanecarbonitrile) (29). The most promising of these materials are the vinylidene cyanide copolymers which exhibit large dielectric relaxation strengths and strong piezoelectricity.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Piezoelectric Phenomenon in Amorphous Polymers

Ounaies

Young

Harrison

1999

ACS Symposium Series

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An overview of the piezoelectric activity in amorphous piezoelectric polymers is presented. The criteria required to render a polymer piezoelectric are discussed. Although piezoelectricity is a coupling between mechanical and electrical properties, most research has concentrated on the electrical properties of potentially piezoelectric polymers. In this work, we present comparative mechanical data as a function of temperature and offer a summary of polarization and electromechanical properties for each of the polymers considered.Kawai's (7) pioneering work almost thirty years ago in the area of piezoelectric polymers has led to the development of strong piezoelectric activity in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers with trifluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. These semicrystalline fluoropolymers represent the state of the art in piezoelectric polymers. Research on the morphology (2-5), piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties (6-70), and applications of polyvinylidene fluoride (11-14) are widespread in the literature. More recently Scheinbeim et al. have demonstrated piezoelectric activity in a series of semicrystalline, odd numbered nylons (15-17). When examined relative to their glass transition temperature, these nylons exhibit good piezoelectric properties (d3i = 17 pC/N for Nylon 7) but have not been used commercially primarily due to the serious problem of moisture uptake. In order to render them piezoelectric, semicrystalline polymers must have a noncentrosymmetric crystalline phase. In the case of PVDF and nylon, these polar crystals cannot be grown from the melt. The polymer must be mechanically oriented to induce noncentrosymmetric crystals which are subsequently polarized by an electric field. In such systems the amorphous phase supports the crystalline orientation and polarization is stable up to the Curie temperature. 88

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confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Piezoelectric Phenomenon in Amorphous Polymers

Ounaies

Young

Harrison

1999

ACS Symposium Series

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“…Since the dipole moment of the vinylidene cyanide (VDCN) repeating unit -[CH 2 C(CN) 2 ]-is 4.0-4.5 Debye [24,25] in transconformation (which is much higher than the value 1.96 Debye [26] in VDF), a larger piezoelectric constant is possible to be obtained. Therefore, the polymers or copolymers containing the -C:N groups in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [27][28][29][30], poly(vinylidene cyanide vinylacetate) (PVDCN/VAc) [31][32][33][34], polyphenylethernitrile [35,36], poly(1-bicyclobutanecarbonitrile) [37] and poly(vinylidene cyanide) (PVDCN) [35,38] have drawn much attention in the study of electromechanical transducers, nonvolatile memories and biomedicine benefited as well as their unique feature of low density and low acoustic impedance, which is close to the levels in water and in the human body that makes them very useful in medical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and electric properties of Poly(vinylidene cyanide-tetracyanoethylene) copolymer predicted with density functional theory

2012

J Mater Sci

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The geometry, energy, internal rotation barrier, dipole moments, and molecular polarizabilities of poly (vinylidene cyanide-tetracyanoethylene) (P(VDCN-TeCN)) of a-and b-chain models were studied with DFT at B3PW91/6-31G(d) level. The effects of chain length and TeCN content on the copolymer chain stabilities, chain conformations, and electric properties were examined and compared with those of the poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TeFE)) copolymer and the polyvinylidene cyanide (PVDCN) homopolymer to explore whether P(VDCN-TeCN) possess an expected good piezoelectricity or not. Based on the internal rotation potential curves of P(VDCN-TeCN) dimer models (H[CH 2 C(CN) 2 -C(CN) 2 C(CN) 2 ]H and H[C(CN) 2 CH 2 -C(CN) 2 C(CN) 2 ]H), the conformational angles, relative stabilities of a-and b-conformations and the transition energy barriers of b?a and a?b were discussed. The results show that the stability of the b-conformation increases and the b?a transition in P(VDCN-TeCN) is more difficult than that in PVDCN. The energy difference per monomer unit between the b-and a-chains decreases with increasing TeCN content. The contribution of average dipole moment per monomer unit in the b-chain is affected by the chain curvature and TeCN content, and there is a weakly parabolic dependence on the VDCN content. For the same chain length, the calculations show that the dipole moment contribution per monomer unit in the P(VDCN-TeCN) with 0.5 molar fractions TeCN is smaller than either the b-chain PVDCN or the b-chain P(VDCN-TeFE). The chain length does not produce a significant change in the mean polarizability for either the a-or the b-P(VDCN-TeCN); however, the value increases with increasing the TeCN content in P(VDCN-TeCN)s.

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“…One advantage that PAN has over PVDCN is that the PAN homopolymer is quite stable in ambient conditions [79,80], therefore permitting detailed study of the homopolymer's electroactive properties. Studies of PAN include piezoelectric and pyroelectric response [80,82], dielectric constant [83], and crystal structure [81]. Structural studies performed with x-ray diffraction and NMR [81] indicate that the PAN homopolymer packs in a pseudohexagonal manner with the predominantly planar zigzag chain conformation, analogous to the conformation in the all-trans ferroelectric β-phase found in PVDF.…”

Section: Cyanopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although PAN has proven an interesting system to study, a large amount of work pertaining to the acrylonitrile system has focused on the copolymer system poly(acrylonitrileallylcyanide) [21,82], or P(AN-AL), which is shown in Figure 7b. The introduction of the co-monomer into the PAN structure appears to increase the internal mobility of the monomers [21].…”

Section: Cyanopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride is special

Poulsen

Ducharme

2010

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Ferroelectric polymers entail a number of constraints, which together limit the useful compositional variations. These constraints include the following: a stable molecular dipole moment, compact crystal structure, conformational flexibility, and minimal steric hindrance. They are well satisfied by the prototype ferroelectric polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, and yet almost every other conceivable molecular structure is limited by comparison.

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Piezoelectric activity in a copolymer of acrylonitrile and methylacrylate

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

An Overview of the Piezoelectric Phenomenon in Amorphous Polymers

An Overview of the Piezoelectric Phenomenon in Amorphous Polymers

Structure and electric properties of Poly(vinylidene cyanide-tetracyanoethylene) copolymer predicted with density functional theory

Why ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride is special

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