With 38 FiguresWhen the initial work on radiographic image analysis was begun, there was concern about several factors involved in the computer analysis of radiographs. This concern focused on three points. First, the known difficulty of analyzing images of a simple nature such as characters and blocks seemed to indicate that it would be unwise to undertake such a difficult project as the analysis of radiographic images. The second point of concern was the tremendous amount of information present in a radiograph, possibly requiring a digitization of 1024 x 1024 or in excess of one million data points [3.1]. This fact would seem to indicate the necessity of utilizing a large computer which would be impractical in a clinical environment. The third point was the lack of enthusiasm of radiologists for using enhanced or modified images for diagnoses. This means that some of the best developed methodology for image analysis would be of uncertain value. These problems are somewhat mitigated by the advantages that might accrue from having a system for the analysis of radiographic images. That is, a computer system for analyzing radiographs offers the potential advantages of allowing a radiologist to handle more patients, to give improved diagnosis, and to make his diagnosis more repeatable or standardized. Ideally, the computer system should be a diagnostic tool used by the radiologist to give him quantitative and diagnostic information on items of interest in the radiograph.One difficulty at present in the analysis of radiographic images is the large volume of film to be analyzed. For example, in 1964 there were 506 million radiographs taken of humans, and thus increased to 660 million per year in 1970 [3.2]. In 1970 alone there were 71 million radiographic chest examinations (one or more films) I-3.3]. Also, over a fifteen-year period, it was determined that the demand for radiological services increased at a rate of 7.1% while the number of radiologists increased by only 5.9 %. It has been estimated that the need for radiologists is twice the number available [3.4]. Another difficulty in current methods of analyzing radiographic images is the variation among different radiologists seeing the same film at different times.