Picosecond soft-x-ray pulse-length measurement by pump–probe absorption spectroscopy

Sher, M. H.; Mohideen, U.; Tom, H. W. K.; Wood, O. R.; Aumiller, G. D.; Freeman, R. R.; McIlrath, T. J.

doi:10.1364/ol.18.000646

Cited by 34 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…X-ray pulse duration measurements in the 1000 eV spectral region have been accomplished using various target materials as well as various measurement techniques. 2,5,8 The importance of laser intensity and contrast has been demonstrated for the generation of the shortest pulses as well as the broadest bandwidth x-ray sources. 4,5 Important applications of these sources, so far, have concentrated on the atomic physics of the plasmas from which the x rays originate.…”

confidence: 99%

Application of a picosecond soft x-ray source to time-resolved plasma dynamics

Workman

Nantel

Maksimchuk

et al. 1997

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate the application of an ultrashort x-ray source as an external probe to measure plasma dynamics. The plasma is generated by a 100-fs Ti:sapphire laser focused onto thin metallic films. Time-resolved spectroscopy of the gold x-ray probe transmission through a perturbed 1000 Å aluminum film reveals redshifts of the L-shell photoabsorption edge. We show that the dynamic behavior of this shift is consistent with the relaxation of the aluminum following the compression generated by a shock wave traveling through the film. An analytic plasma model, with comparison to a numerical hydrodynamics model, indicates compression up to 1.4 times solid density.

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confidence: 99%

Application of a picosecond soft x-ray source to time-resolved plasma dynamics

Workman

Nantel

Maksimchuk

et al. 1997

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Various sources have been used to generate ultrafast X-ray pulses. The early work (beginning in the late 1960s) on time-resolved X-ray diffraction was based on electron impact sources. − More recently, picosecond X-ray pulse time scales were achieved using vacuum X-ray diodes with a laser-triggered photocathode. − Laser-produced plasma X-ray sources offer exceptionally short X-ray pulses whose duration has been systematically reduced from the nanosecond range to the subpicosecond range. − As recently demonstrated in a pulsed Laue X-ray protein crystal diffraction experiment, with a nanosecond time resolution, synchrotrons provide exceptionally bright X-ray sources that can produce X-ray pulses of 40−100 ps . (For a recent collection of papers on time-resolved macromolecular crystallography, see ref .)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast X-ray and Electron Diffraction: Theoretical Considerations

1997

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Time-dependent ultrafast diffraction measurements can be directly inverted to obtain the dynamics of atomic motions, in contrast to ultrafast spectra which require detailed knowledge of the sample (e.g., potential energy surfaces) for their inversion. We consider here how to derive time-dependent diffraction (the X-ray and electron diffraction cases being very similar) from nuclear quantum dynamics and vice versa and how this may be used to directly observe the atomic motions in molecules, in particular how chemical reactions take place. Two simple examples of dissociative and bound quantum (vibrational and rotational) dynamics in a gas-phase sample of diatomic molecules, excited by an optical pump pulse and measured by an electron or X-ray probe pulse, are presented. The quantum mechanical basis of the breaking of symmetry due to the linearly polarized optical pump pulse and the superposition and interference between the ground and excited electronic states are discussed. We demonstrate how to isolate the short-time excited-state dynamics from that of the ground state using the symmetry of the electronic dipole transition. We illustrate that the time-evolving distribution of interatomic distances can be clearly resolved from the ultrafast diffraction data and thus illustrate that the detailed dynamics of molecular vibration and the progress of a photodissociation reaction could be watched as they occur. In addition, we show that the duration of ultrafast X-ray and electron pulses can be measured with a time resolution of tens of femtoseconds by clocking it against such atomic motion.

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“…Several timeresolved experiments were reported with microsecond resolution (22)(23)(24). Time-resolved soft (90-300 eV) x-ray absorption spectra have been recorded with nanosecond resolution from the silicon L edges (25) and with picosecond resolution from the Kr M edges (26). Picosecond changes in near edge absorption structure of the sulfur K edge (2.48 keV) in SF 6 gas have also been observed (27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%