Picornavirus Infection Leading to Immunosuppression

Abstract

Viruses, such as HIV, hepatitis A, poliovirus, coxsackievirus B3 and foot-and-mouth disease virus, use a variety of mechanisms to suppress the human immune system in order to evade clearance by the host. Therefore, investigating how a few changes in the viral genome of a nonlethal virus can lead to an alteration in disease, from survivable to immunosuppression and death, would provide valuable information into viral pathogenesis. In addition, we propose that gaining a better insight into how these viruses suppress an antiviral immune response could lead to viral-based therapeutics to combat specifc autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Type 1 diabetes.

Enteric virome negatively affects seroconversion following oral rotavirus vaccination in a longitudinally sampled cohort of Ghanaian infants

“…Specifically, the presence of Enterovirus B strains and several novel strains of Cosavirus A correlated negatively with seroconversion. The findings are consistent with reports that recent or concurrent infection with non-polio enterovirus is correlated with lower immunogenicity for both OPV and RVV (Cusick et al, 2014;Kernbauer et al, 2014;Parker et al, 2014;Praharaj et al, 2019;Taniuchi et al, 2016).…”

Systemic immune response and virus persistence after foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of naïve cattle and cattle vaccinated with a homologous adenovirus-vectored vaccine

“…through the action of type I IFNs. Alternatively, apoptosis of lymphocytes can be a direct result of viral infection or caused indirectly through cytokine induction [ 73 ]. In the present study, the decrease in circulating lymphocytes closely followed the increase in systemic type I/III IFN activity, which in turn was highly correlated with FMDV viremia.…”

Interleukin-10-Mediated Lymphopenia Caused by Acute Infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Mice

“…Following FMDV infection, lymphocyte depletion in the peripheral blood, referred to as lymphopenia, is a common characteristic in pigs [3,4], cattle [5,6], and C57BL/6 mice [7]. Lymphopenia is considered to be one of the important mechanisms by which the FMDV evade the host immune response and cause immune suppression [2,8]. However, the mechanisms of lymphopenia caused by FMDV are still unclear.…”