Picornalike Viruses of Insects

Christian, Peter D.; Scotti, Paul D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5341-0_10

Cited by 45 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Insect picorna-like viruses share with mammalian picornaviruses many physical and morphological properties of the viral structural proteins (37,56,59), and the presence of a single plus-strand RNA genome with a genomelinked protein at the 5Ј end (25) and polyadenosine residues at the 3Ј end (9). In contrast to earlier reports (26), recent cloning and sequencing of several insect picorna-like viruses has revealed that the organization of these viral genomes differs from that of human picornaviruses (8,28). Specifically, picornavirus RNA genomes consist of a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein which is posttranslationally processed to give rise to both structural (encoded in the N-terminal part of the polyprotein) and nonstructural viral proteins (49).…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Electron microscopic sections of paralyzed insects revealed many virus-like particles in crystalline arrays reminiscent of those observed in picornavirus-infected cells. Although originally isolated from crickets, CrPV has a wide host range, infecting insects which belong to Diptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and Heteroptera species (8). Importantly, it also replicates in cultured cells from various insect species including Drosophila SL2 cells (37,55).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Naturally Occurring Dicistronic Cricket Paralysis Virus RNA Is Regulated by Two Internal Ribosome Entry Sites

Wilson

Powell

Hoover

et al. 2000

Molecular and Cellular Biology

292

335

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Cricket paralysis virus is a member of a group of insect picorna-like viruses. Cloning and sequencing of the single plus-strand RNA genome revealed the presence of two nonoverlapping open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, that encode the nonstructural and structural proteins, respectively. We show that each ORF is preceded by one internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The intergenic IRES is located 6,024 nucleotides from the 5 end of the viral RNA and is more active than the IRES located at the 5 end of the RNA, providing a mechanistic explanation for the increased abundance of structural proteins relative to nonstructural proteins in infected cells. Mutational analysis of this intergenic-region IRES revealed that ORF2 begins with a noncognate CCU triplet. Complementarity of this CCU triplet with sequences in the IRES is important for IRES function, pointing to an involvement of RNA-RNA interactions in translation initiation. Thus, the cricket paralysis virus genome is an example of a naturally occurring, functionally dicistronic eukaryotic mRNA whose translation is controlled by two IRES elements located at the 5 end and in the middle of the mRNA. This finding argues that eukaryotic mRNAs can express multiple proteins not only by polyprotein processing, reinitiation and frameshifting but also by using multiple IRES elements.

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mentioning

confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Dicistronic Cricket Paralysis Virus RNA Is Regulated by Two Internal Ribosome Entry Sites

Wilson

Powell

Hoover

et al. 2000

Molecular and Cellular Biology

292

335

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“…As stated, the intention of virus discovery in S. invicta was to utilize viruses as novel control agents against this ant pest. Development and use of positive, single-stranded RNA viruses as insect control agents has been proposed [104,105] and successfully demonstrated for a number of insect pests. CrPV was evaluated against the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae, and shown to cause up to 80% mortality [106].…”

Section: Potential As Control Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive-Strand RNA Viruses Infecting the Red Imported Fire Ant,Solenopsis invicta

Valles

2012

Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

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The imported fire ants,Solenopsis invictaandS. richteriwere introduced into the USA between 1918 and 1945. Since that time, they have expanded their USA range to include some 138 million hectares. Their introduction has had significant economic consequences with costs associated with damage and control efforts estimated at 6 billion dollars annually in the USA. The general consensus of entomologists and myrmecologists is that permanent, sustainable control of these ants in the USA will likely depend on self-sustaining biological control agents. A metagenomics approach successfully resulted in discovery of three viruses infectingS. invicta.Solenopsis invicta virus 1(SINV-1), SINV-2, and SINV-3 are all positive, single-stranded RNA viruses and represent the first viral discoveries in any ant species. Molecular characterization, host relationships, and potential development and use of SINV-1, SINV-2, and SINV-3 as biopesticides are discussed.

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“…1 A). Several viruses with a genome organization similar to that of PSIV, including cricket paralysis virus (3), Drosophila C virus (DCV) (4), Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV) (5), and Himetobi P virus (HiPV) (6), have been found in various species of insects (7). Recently, these viruses have been classified into a novel group, the ''cricket paralysis-like viruses,'' which is distinct from the family Picornaviridae (8).…”

Section: P Lautia Stali Intestine Virus (Psiv) Is An Insect Rna Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methionine-independent initiation of translation in the capsid protein of an insect RNA virus

Sasaki¹,

Nakashima

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

159

125

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Protein synthesis is believed to be initiated with the amino acid methionine because the AUG translation initiation codon of mRNAs is recognized by the anticodon of initiator methionine transfer RNA. A group of positive-stranded RNA viruses of insects, however, lacks an AUG translation initiation codon for their capsid protein gene, which is located at the downstream part of the genome. The capsid protein of one of these viruses, Plautia stali intestine virus, is synthesized by internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. Here we report that methionine is not the initiating amino acid in the translation of the capsid protein in this virus. Its translation is initiated with glutamine encoded by a CAA codon that is the first codon of the capsid-coding region. The nucleotide sequence immediately upstream of the capsid-coding region interacts with a loop segment in the stem-loop structure located 15-43 nt upstream of the 5 end of the capsid-coding region. The pseudoknot structure formed by this base pair interaction is essential for translation of the capsid protein. This mechanism for translation initiation differs from the conventional one in that the initiation step controlled by the initiator methionine transfer RNA is not necessary.

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Picornalike Viruses of Insects

Cited by 45 publications

References 121 publications

Naturally Occurring Dicistronic Cricket Paralysis Virus RNA Is Regulated by Two Internal Ribosome Entry Sites

Naturally Occurring Dicistronic Cricket Paralysis Virus RNA Is Regulated by Two Internal Ribosome Entry Sites

Positive-Strand RNA Viruses Infecting the Red Imported Fire Ant,Solenopsis invicta

Methionine-independent initiation of translation in the capsid protein of an insect RNA virus

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