Picophytoplankton community from tropical marine biofilms

Antifouling Coatings Influence both Abundance and Community Structure of Colonizing Biofilms: a Case Study in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea

“…While this technique is extensively used for marine planktonic communities, especially for picoplankton enumeration, only three recent articles have reported its use for marine biofilms (22)(23)(24), and none of them are related to AF coatings. FCM has the advantage of providing accurate cell abundances for the different subcommunities evidenced by their optical properties, which is not possible with either fingerprinting or deep-sequencing approaches.…”

“…Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used mainly for relative quantification of classes or specific groups of bacterial taxa (7,9,12,18), as was quantitative PCR (qPCR) (19)(20)(21). Only very recently were relative abundances of (picocyano)bacteria and pico-and nanoeukaryotes from biofilm on glass determined by using flow cytometry (FCM) (22)(23)(24). Microphytobenthos in marine biofilms on artificial surfaces appears to be represented mainly by diatoms and especially pennates.…”

“…Diatoms especially dominate these biofilms, which adhere tenaciously to hydrophobic surfaces and are not released from FRC, even on vessels operating at high speeds (Ͼ30 knots) (28). Considering the difficulty in bacterial enumeration when bacteria are embedded in biofilms, their abundance on AF coatings has been reported rarely, and when they have been reported, the analyses were based mostly on microscopy observation (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Successful colonization of all coatings by bacteria soon after immersion has been reported, and significant differences were observed, depending on the coatings and the immersion sites.…”

Studies on picophytoplankton in the southern Gulf of Mexico: recognition of picoprokaryotes and abundances of picophytoplankton during "dry season"

“…In this study, the distribution of PFP showed higher fluctuations between shallow coastal Stations within the mixed layer than in more oceanic waters of the Campeche Canyon. Rapid physicochemical changes are known to occur at different scales in coastal water (ÁLVAREZ-GÓNGORA et al, 2012) and changes in the dynamic of PFP have been suggested (MOORE and CHISHOLM, 1999;VELDHUIS et al, 2005), as a result of nutrient concentration (RAVEN, 1998), water circulation, seasons, stratification (BOUMAN et al, 2011), grazing (PERNTHALER, 2005, salinity (MITBAVKAR et al, 2012), and light availability in the water column (CHEN et al, 2011). As for the southern Gulf of Mexico, the vertical structure of chlorophyll a (pico, nano, and microphytoplankton) has been postulated as a function of thermal fluxes, haline fronts, irradiance, nutrient uptake, and regional circulation patterns (SIGNORET et al, 2006).…”

“…This photosynthetic community of microorganisms has shown a great and unexpected species diversity (LE GALL et al, 2008;NOT et al, 2009;MOON-VAN DER STAAY et al, 2001;MAN-AHARONOVICH et al, 2010). Picoprokaryotes, basically composed of the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are generally a dominant photosynthetic component in oligotrophic waters (AGAWIN and AGUSTÍ, 2005;BERTILSSON et al, 2005;GROBet al, 2007), but may also be important in more eutrophic waters in coastal areas (CHEN et al, 2011;MITBAVKAR et al, 2012). Eukaryotic picoplankton include several classes of phytoplankton (Haptophytes, Pelagophyceae, Prasinophyceae, etc.…”