Picobirnavirus causes persistent infection in pigs

Martı́nez, Laura C.; Masachessi, Gisela; Carruyo, Gabriela; Ferreyra, Leonardo; Barril, Patricia A.; Isa, Marı́a Beatrı́z; Giordano, Miguel O.; Ludert, Juan E.; Nates, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2010.06.004

Cited by 36 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Later, PBVs have been identified in faecal specimens of humans practically worldwide [3, 6, 7, 14, 26-29, 51, 55, 56, 61, 68, 76]. PBVs were also detected in faeces of a wide variety of farm mammals, birds, wild animals and birds kept in captivity, etc., viz., pigs [2,4,16,31,34,50,56,67], calves [10,15,35,53,54,61,77,79], rabbits and guinea pigs [25,43,52,65], bats [86], red fox [8], avian such as chickens & poults [1,49,59,69,73], and other wild animals kept in captivity like Giant Anteaters [45]; giant cats like Lion, Puma, Jaguar and Geoffroy's cat [37], sea lion [84], human primates such as Orangutan, wild birds such as American Ostrich, gloomy pheasant, Chinese goose [57], goat kids and lambs [60], donkeys [57,58], foals [9,30], laboratory non-human primates such as rhesus, pigtailed macaques and cynomolgus monkeys [83] and dogs [17,23,81], rats [23,64], snakes [23] and turkeys …”

Section: Discovery Of Picobirnavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Picobirnavirus

2014

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Picobirnavirus (PBV) is a small, non-enveloped, bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus of vertebrate hosts. The name 'Picobirnavirus' derives from the prefix 'pico' (latin for 'small') in reference to the small virion size, plus the prefix 'bi' (latin for 'two') and the word 'RNA' to indicate the nature of the viral genome. The serendipitous discovery of PBV dates back to 1988 from Brazil, when human fecal samples collected during the acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were subjected for routine rotavirus surveillance by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver straining (S/S). The PAGE gels after silver staining showed a typical 'two RNA band' pattern, and it was identified as Picobirnavirus. Likewise, the feces of wild black-footed pigmy rice rats (Oryzomys nigripes) subjected for PAGE assay by the same research group in Brazil reported the presence of PBV (Pereira et al., J Gen Virol 69:2749-2754. PBVs have been detected in faeces of humans and wide range of animal species with or without diarrhoea, worldwide. The probable role of PBV as either a 'primary diarrhoeal agent' in 'immunocompetent children'; or a 'potential pathogen' in 'immunocompromised individuals' or an 'innocuous virus' in the intestine remains elusive and needs to be investigated despite the numerous reports of the presence of PBV in fecal samples of various species of domestic mammals, wild animals, birds and snakes; our current knowledge of their biology, etiology, pathogenicity or their transmission characteristics remains subtle. This review aims to analyse the veterinary and zoonotic aspects of animal Picobirnavirus infections since its discovery.

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Section: Discovery Of Picobirnavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Picobirnavirus

2014

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“…The research group reported their observations stating that the conditions for higher PBV excretion was attributed to particular physiological status of the hosts, especially farrowing and lactation. They also concluded that the higher detection rates of PBV in the study population might be due to the stress conditions generated by pig farming practices during these stages [29]. They have also suggested that PBV is acquired early in life and establishes a persistent infection among the hosts which exhibit a unique pattern of virus excretion with periods of high viral activity intermingled with periods of silence.…”

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“…Likewise, another research group from the same region conducted a study in farm animals in Argentina [29] reported dissimilar excretion of PBV in fecal specimens of pigs at different age groups. Also varied physiological characteristics were observed among pigs during the period of lactation and final stage of pregnancy.…”

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“…They have also suggested that PBV is acquired early in life and establishes a persistent infection among the hosts which exhibit a unique pattern of virus excretion with periods of high viral activity intermingled with periods of silence. Thus concluding that the host infected with PBV could remain life-long asymptomatic carriers and serve as reservoirs of infection [29].…”

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“…However, the PAGE assay detects the PBVs readily as it is not dependent on their genomic sequences. PBVs are known to cause chronic diarrhoea with prolonged shedding of the virus in humans [24] and various animals [30] besides frequent infections among piglets [5,29]. Moreover, the presence of genogroup I PBVs in humans and different animals, rodents and reptiles, suggests that any specific genogroup is not restricted to specific host [2,3,5,12,16,19,31].…”

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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Picobirnavirus in Feces of Domestic Pigs from Kolkata, India

et al. 2012

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Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are small, non-enveloped, 35-41 nm virion with bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome. PBVs are widespread and were detected in feces of humans and a wide variety of animals. Domestic pig, one of the ubiquitous farm animal reported incessant association with a variety of viral zoonoses. The objective of our study is to find out the incidence of PBV infection in healthy domestic pigs. The study was conducted by collecting feces of healthy/asymptomatic pigs from a piggery located in an urban slum at Kolkata, India to detect PBV infections. All the 11 fecal samples were tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction assay. In this study, we report the first incidence of detection and molecular characterization of porcine PBV (BG-Por-2/2010 and BG-Por-7/ 2010) in feces of domestic pigs from India using the human PBV genogroup I specific primer pair: PicoB25(?) and PicoB43(-). Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of genome segment 2 revealed genetic relatedness to hitherto reported porcine, murine and human genogroup I PBVs from different geographical regions. This warrants a stringent global surveillance to study the potential zoonotic and emerging PBV infections.

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Picobirnavirus infections: viral persistence and zoonotic potential

Ganesh

Bányai

Martella

et al. 2012

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are small, non-enveloped, bisegmented double-stranded RNA genomic viruses of vertebrate hosts. Since their discovery in the late 1980s in clinical specimens from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in children, significant efforts have been made to investigate the role of PBV in diarrheic diseases. PBV has been detected in sporadic episodes of diarrhea as sole pathogen or coinfection as well as in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis and in immunocompromised patients with diarrhea. However, PBV is frequently detected in non-diarrheic healthy hosts, and prolonged shedding has been observed in some individuals. Of interest, similar patterns of PBV infection have also been observed in pigs and other animal hosts. The increasing amount of PBV sequence data gathered from molecular epidemiological studies has evidenced a great sequence diversity of PBVs in various hosts and environmental samples. Importantly, evidence has been found for genetic relatedness between human and animal PBV strains, suggesting extant crossing points in the ecology and evolution of heterologous PBV strains. At present, no cell culture and animal model exists for PBVs. Well-structured epidemiological studies are still the only alternative to demonstrate the potential etiological role of PBVs in acute gastroenteritis or other diseases. This review aims to analyze the public health aspects of PBV infection, especially its possible association with zoonosis.

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Picobirnavirus causes persistent infection in pigs

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Animal Picobirnavirus

Animal Picobirnavirus

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Picobirnavirus in Feces of Domestic Pigs from Kolkata, India

Picobirnavirus infections: viral persistence and zoonotic potential

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