Pickle Flavors Relish in Drosophila Immunity

Salminen, Tiina S.; Rämet, Mika

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.08.008

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…In the Drosophila Toll pathway, IkB Cactus (Cact) is the key inhibitor of NF-kB (26). The negative regulation of the Drosophila NF-kB activity takes place at multiple levels, and several negative regulators have been identified for the Imd pathway, including PGRP-LF, Pirk, Pickle, Zfh1, and the peptidoglycan degrading PGRPs (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), summarized in Salminen and Rämet (33). Many of these have been characterized at the molecular level, but the negative regulation of the Toll pathway is less well understood, as Cact and Pellino (34) are the only well-characterized negative regulators of the Toll pathway.…”

Section: Osa-containing Brahma Complex Regulates Innate Immunity and The Expression Of Metabolic Genes In Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 99%

Osa-Containing Brahma Complex Regulates Innate Immunity and the Expression of Metabolic Genes in Drosophila

Valanne¹,

Järvelä-Stölting²,

Harjula³

et al. 2020

The Journal of Immunology

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Negative regulation of innate immunity is essential to avoid autoinflammation. In Drosophila melanogaster, NF-κB signaling–mediated immune responses are negatively regulated at multiple levels. Using a Drosophila RNA interference in vitro screen, we identified a set of genes inhibiting immune activation. Four of these genes encode members of the chromatin remodeling Osa-containing Brahma (BAP) complex. Silencing additional two genes of the BAP complex was shown to have the same phenotype, confirming its role in immune regulation in vitro. In vivo, the knockdown of osa and brahma was shown to enhance the expression of the Toll pathway–mediated antimicrobial peptides when the flies were challenged with Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus. In this setting, osa knockdown had a particularly strong effect on immune effectors that are predominantly activated by the Imd pathway. Accordingly, Drosophila NF-κB Relish expression was increased by osa silencing. These transcriptional changes were associated with enhanced survival from M. luteus + E. faecalis infection. Besides regulating the expression of immune effector genes, osa RNA interference decreased the expression of a large group of genes involved in metabolism, particularly proteolysis. Of note, the expression of the recently characterized, immune-inducible gene Induced by Infection (IBIN) was diminished in osa knockdown flies. Although IBIN has been shown to modulate metabolism upon infection, the expression of selected Osa-regulated metabolism genes was not rescued by overexpressing IBIN. We conclude that the BAP complex regulates expression of genes involved in metabolism at least partially independent or downstream of IBIN. Moreover, Osa affects the NF-κB–mediated immune response by regulating Drosophila NF-κB factor Relish expression.

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Section: Osa-containing Brahma Complex Regulates Innate Immunity and The Expression Of Metabolic Genes In Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 99%

Osa-Containing Brahma Complex Regulates Innate Immunity and the Expression of Metabolic Genes in Drosophila

Valanne¹,

Järvelä-Stölting²,

Harjula³

et al. 2020

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Imd signalling involves the activation of an NFκB homologue called Relish (Rel) that requires the removal of an IκB‐like protein. The activation of Rel leads to the production of AMPs, such as diptericin (Salminen & Rämet, 2016). While D. melanogaster may not have a complete vascular system, it does produce blood for circulation of nutrients.…”

Section: Small Invertebrate Models Shed Light On Innate Immunity and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using model systems to unravel host–Pseudomonas aeruginosa interactions

Grandy,

Scur,

Dolan

et al. 2023

Environmental Microbiology

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Using model systems in infection biology has led to the discoveries of many pathogen‐encoded virulence factors and critical host immune factors to fight pathogenic infections. Studies of the remarkable Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium that infects and causes disease in hosts as divergent as humans and plants afford unique opportunities to shed new light on virulence strategies and host defence mechanisms. One of the rationales for using model systems as a discovery tool to characterise bacterial factors driving human infection outcomes is that many P. aeruginosa virulence factors are required for pathogenesis in diverse different hosts. On the other side, many host signalling components, such as the evolutionarily conserved mitogen‐activated protein kinases, are involved in immune signalling in a diverse range of hosts. Some model organisms that have less complex immune systems also allow dissection of the direct impacts of innate immunity on host defence without the interference of adaptive immunity. In this review, we start with discussing the occurrence of P. aeruginosa in the environment and the ability of this bacterium to cause disease in various hosts as a natural opportunistic pathogen. We then summarise the use of some model systems to study host defence and P. aeruginosa virulence.

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“…Charon fulfills the functional and structural criteria for an IκB protein. It was shown to predominantly reside in the nuclear fraction and regulate the Imd pathway at the level of Rel68:Rel68 homodimer suppressing the Rel68-driven induction of genes encoding AMPs [ 204 ] ( Figure 4 ). Caspar (Casp) inhibits Dredd-dependent cleavage of Rel [ 205 ].…”

Section: Signaling Pathways Regulating Drosophila ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila as a Model Organism to Study Basic Mechanisms of Longevity

Ogienko

Omelina

Bylino

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression determines the fate and function of various cells and tissues and, as a consequence, the correct development and functioning of complex organisms. Certain mechanisms of gene activity regulation provide adequate cell responses to changes in environmental factors. Aside from gene expression disorders that lead to various pathologies, alterations of expression of particular genes were shown to significantly decrease or increase the lifespan in a wide range of organisms from yeast to human. Drosophila fruit fly is an ideal model system to explore mechanisms of longevity and aging due to low cost, easy handling and maintenance, large number of progeny per adult, short life cycle and lifespan, relatively low number of paralogous genes, high evolutionary conservation of epigenetic mechanisms and signalling pathways, and availability of a wide range of tools to modulate gene expression in vivo. Here, we focus on the organization of the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways whose components significantly influence the aging process and on the interconnections of these pathways with gene expression regulation.

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Pickle Flavors Relish in Drosophila Immunity

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Osa-Containing Brahma Complex Regulates Innate Immunity and the Expression of Metabolic Genes in Drosophila

Osa-Containing Brahma Complex Regulates Innate Immunity and the Expression of Metabolic Genes in Drosophila

Using model systems to unravel host–Pseudomonas aeruginosa interactions

Drosophila as a Model Organism to Study Basic Mechanisms of Longevity

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