Pickering emulsions stabilized with <scp>PANI‐NP</scp>. Study of the thermoresponsive behavior under heating and radiofrequency irradiation

Abel, Silvestre Bongiovanni; Molina, María; Rivarola, Claudia R.; Barbero, C.

doi:10.1002/app.50625

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The smart nanoparticles themselves could be used to stabilize Pickering emulsions of liquids immiscible with water. Upon irradiation with RF, the emulsion is un-stabilized, and the oil drops coalesce [45]. Finally, the smallest PANI-PNIPAM nanocomposite is made by synthesizing a block copolymer (PNIPAM-b-PANI).…”

Section: Photothermomechanical Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Linked Polymeric Gels and Nanocomposites: New Materials and Phenomena Enabling Technological Applications

et al. 2022

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Cross-linked gels are synthesized by homo- and copolymerization of functionalized acrylamides. The gels swell in aqueous solution, and some of them (e.g., poly(N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM)) also in organic solvents of low polarity (e.g., dichloromethane), making the gels amphiphilic materials. Nanocomposites can be made by dispersing nanoparticles (metallic, graphene, nanotubes, and conducting polymers) inside the gels. Additionally, true semi-interpenetrated networks of polyaniline (PANI) inside PNIPAM gels can be prepared by swelling the gel in true solutions of PANI in NMP. PNIPAM-based nanocomposites show a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition of the gel matrix, which can be reached by thermal heating or absorption of electromagnetic radiation (light, microwaves, radiofrequency) in the conductive nanomaterials. The characteristic properties (swelling degree and rate, LCST, solute partition, mass transport, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility) can be tuned by changing the functional groups in the copolymers and/or the other components in the nanocomposite. Mass transport and mechanical properties can be adjusted by forming materials with macro- (nanoporous and macroporous), micro- (microgels, thin films, Pickering emulsions), or nano- (nanogels, stabilized nanoparticles) sized features. The material properties are used to produce technological applications: sensors, actuators, controlled release, biological cell scaffolds and surfaces, antimicrobial, carriers of bioactive substances, and matrixes to immobilize enzymes and yeast cells.

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Section: Photothermomechanical Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RF is used to switch states in a structured surface of PNIPAM loaded with PANI [42]. A similar approach uses PNIPAM to stabilize Pickering emulsions, which can be destabilized ("broken") by the application of heat or microwaves [45].…”

Section: Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Linked Polymeric Gels and Nanocomposites: New Materials and Phenomena Enabling Technological Applications

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, they show optical absorption bands in the UV and visible–NIR parts of the spectrum [ 35 ]. The intrinsic electronic conductivity of PANI allows it to be heated using microwaves (e.g., 2.4 GHz) [ 36 ], radiofrequency (e.g., 30 kHz) [ 37 ], or AC/DC current [ 38 ]. The electronic and physicochemical properties of polyanilines have been applied in a myriad of technological devices [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Materials Made by Combining Hydrogels (Cross-Linked Polyacrylamides) and Conducting Polymers (Polyanilines)—A Critical Review

Barbero

2023

Polymers

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Hydrogels made of cross-linked polyacrlyamides (cPAM) and conducting materials made of polyanilines (PANIs) are both the most widely used materials in each category. This is due to their accessible monomers, easy synthesis and excellent properties. Therefore, the combination of these materials produces composites which show enhanced properties and also synergy between the cPAM properties (e.g., elasticity) and those of PANIs (e.g., conductivity). The most common way to produce the composites is to form the gel by radical polymerization (usually by redox initiators) then incorporate the PANIs into the network by oxidative polymerization of anilines. It is often claimed that the product is a semi-interpenetrated network (s-IPN) made of linear PANIs penetrating the cPAM network. However, there is evidence that the nanopores of the hydrogel become filled with PANIs nanoparticles, producing a composite. On the other hand, swelling the cPAM in true solutions of PANIs macromolecules renders s-IPN with different properties. Technological applications of the composites have been developed, such as photothermal (PTA)/electromechanical actuators, supercapacitors, movement/pressure sensors, etc. PTA devices rely on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation (light, microwaves, radiofrequency) by PANIs, which heats up the composite, triggering the phase transition of a thermosensitive cPAM. Therefore, the synergy of properties of both polymers is beneficial.

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Diverse Methods to Nanomanufacture Colloidal Dispersions of Polyaniline without Templates

Barbero

2023

Nanomanufacturing

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Different methods which could be used to produce colloidal dispersions of polyaniline (PANI) nano-objects without templates are described. While the methods are non-deterministic, different nano-objects (nanospheres, nanofibers, nanobelts, nanorice, nanotubes, nanorods, nanodisks, etc.) can be produced. Those most used are: (i) solution polymerization with steric stabilizers (SPS) to produce nanospheres, (ii) interfacial polymerization (IP) to produce nanofibers and (iii) solution polymerization in the presence of additives (SPA) to produce nanotubes. Oxidation of aniline in aqueous solution could produce nanotubes, nanofibers and other shapes by controlling mass transport/concentration of reactants, pH, and the presence of oligomers/additives. The different models proposed to explain the formation of various nano-objects are discussed. Mechanochemical polymerization (MCP) could produce nanofibers or nanospheres by controlling the aniline/oxidant ratio. PANI nanospheres of tunable sizes can also be produced by nanoprecipitation (NPT) of preformed PANI from its solutions using an antisolvent. The geometrical constraints to the small nano-objects made of high-molecular-weight rigid polymers are described. The conditions to produce nanostructures also affect the intrinsic properties of PANI (conductivity, crystallinity, and electroactivity). Selected technological applications of PANI nano-objects manufactured as colloidal dispersions without templates are discussed. Based on the reviewed work and models, future lines of work are proposed.

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Pickering emulsions stabilized with PANI‐NP. Study of the thermoresponsive behavior under heating and radiofrequency irradiation

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Cross-Linked Polymeric Gels and Nanocomposites: New Materials and Phenomena Enabling Technological Applications

Cross-Linked Polymeric Gels and Nanocomposites: New Materials and Phenomena Enabling Technological Applications

Functional Materials Made by Combining Hydrogels (Cross-Linked Polyacrylamides) and Conducting Polymers (Polyanilines)—A Critical Review

Diverse Methods to Nanomanufacture Colloidal Dispersions of Polyaniline without Templates

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