Phytotoxicity of s-Triazine Herbicides to Corn and Weeds as Related to Structural Differences

McWhorter, C. G.; join(, J. T. Holstun

doi:10.2307/4040809

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Weed control rating ab Rate, ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (a tr azine) for control of goosegrass, brachiaria (Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash), and pigweed in corn was 4.52 (7). Field-grown tobacco.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selectivity of Pyriclor on Witchweed, Tobacco, and Other Plants

Dale

1971

Weed sci.

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Postemergence directed application of 0.56 kg/ha of 2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyridinol (pyriclor) gave control of witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.) equivalent to 2.24 kg/ha of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) without injuring corn (Zea mays L.). Pyriclor applied to the soil surface or incorporated did not significantly injure tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) at rates of 2.24 kg/ha and less. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was not injured by pyriclor incorporated in soil at 0.56 kg/ha; Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was slightly injured. Treatment with 0.56 kg/ha of pyriclor applied in the same manner killed six crop species and four weed species also included in the experiment. In 2 years of field experiments, application of pyriclor at 0.21 and 0.63 kg/ha to soil before transplanting, or these rates applied over the top of tobacco after transplanting, controlled large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop.) until maturity of the tobacco, and did not significantly reduce yield or cause permanent injury to the crop.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant I4C concentration from I4C-atrazine reached its peak early and then declined (8). The decline of I4C was attributed mainly to metabolism of (7). An active uptake mechanism was suggested by a positive relationship between the amount of simazine and the growth intensity of the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity of Pyriclor on Witchweed, Tobacco, and Other Plants

Dale

1971

Weed sci.

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“…From the inhibitory effects of herbicides on both the weed species and the crop species, a selectivity index was calculated (8). This value is given by the concentration of the herbicide required to reduce the dry weight of the cotton by 20% (ED 20 ) , divided by the concentration required to reduce the dry weight of the weed species by 80% (ED so).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatilization, Leaching, and Adsorption of Prometryne in Relation to Selectivity in Cotton

1971

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In leaching studies utilizing slotted columns of soil and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) bioassay, 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylmercapto-s-triazine(prometryne was leached to a greater depth in the coarse-textured sandy soils than in the fine-textured clay soils. There was little correlation between the depths of leaching and the amount of water used to leach the herbicide. Prometryne formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate was leached to a greater depth than the wettable powder and the granules. The14C-pro-metryne was much more strongly adsorbed to a clay soil than to loam and silt loam soils. Volatility studies, using cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) plants to assay for vapor injury, showed the vapor loss of prometryne was greater from a metal surface than from a soil surface. Injury from prometryne vapors was greater with silt loam and sandy loam soils than clay soils. Cotton plants exposed 1 week after emergence were more severely injured by prometryne vapors than cotton plants exposed at emergence or 2 and 3 weeks after emergence. The vapor injury from prometryne formulated as a wettable powder or an emulsifiable concentrate was greater from granules. Prometryne vapor injury was increased as soil moisture and temperature was increased. Vapor injury to leaves of cotton was characterized by interveinal chlorosis while injury from root uptake was characterized by veinal chlorosis.

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“…These 8-triazines have a chlorine radical in the 2-position. The triazines having methoxy or methylmercapto radicals in place of chlorine are active against corn plants (MCWHORTER and HOLSTON 1961). The mechanism of this selectivity has been explained as follows: 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazine-3-one contained in corn plants would convert nonenzymatically the chlorine atom of simazine to a hydroxyl radical; the hydroxysimazine produced has no herbicidal activity.…”

Section: Inactivation Of Herbicides By Higher Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of this selectivity has been explained as follows: 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazine-3-one contained in corn plants would convert nonenzymatically the chlorine atom of simazine to a hydroxyl radical; the hydroxysimazine produced has no herbicidal activity. On the other hand, a lot of weeds have very low contents of this special compound and are very sensitive to simazine (CASTELFRANCO and BROWN 1962, HAMILTON and MORELAND 1962, MCWHORTER and HOLSTON 1961.…”

Section: Inactivation Of Herbicides By Higher Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residues of Pesticides and Other Foreign Chemicals in Foods and Feeds / Rückstände von Pesticiden und anderen Fremdstoffen in Nahrungs- und Futtermitteln

1969

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Phytotoxicity of s-Triazine Herbicides to Corn and Weeds as Related to Structural Differences

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Selectivity of Pyriclor on Witchweed, Tobacco, and Other Plants

Selectivity of Pyriclor on Witchweed, Tobacco, and Other Plants

Volatilization, Leaching, and Adsorption of Prometryne in Relation to Selectivity in Cotton

Residues of Pesticides and Other Foreign Chemicals in Foods and Feeds / Rückstände von Pesticiden und anderen Fremdstoffen in Nahrungs- und Futtermitteln

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