Phytotoxicity of four herbicides in different synthetic soils

Horowitz, M.; Blumenfeld, T.

doi:10.1007/bf02981039

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The possible influence of CaCOa on phytotoxicity of herbicides is of great practical interest for soils with high lime content. In an experiment using the same technique of artiflcial soil mixtures as in the present work, it was shown that diluting Newe Ya'ar clay soil with lime reduced the phytotoxicity of benzthiazuron and of pyrazon (Horowitz & Blumenfeld, 1973). However, in the present experiment the activity of trifluralin increased with lime addition, as expected from the dilution of organic matter and clay of the soil.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Behaviour and persistence of trifluralin in soil

1974

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung The growth response of sorghum to trifluralin, on various soils and soil mixtures, was significantly correlated with organic matter (ranging from <0–1% to 20–4%) but not with clay content (ranging from 3% to 63%). However, in soils with a similar, low organic matter content, the activity of trifluralin increased with increasing clay content. No correlation was found between phytotoxicity of trifluralin and lime content of soils. The persistence of trifluralin incorporated in soil was examined by repeated reseedings of sorghum. Phytotoxicity lasted longer in soil dried and mixed at each interval between seedings than in soil left undisturbed; after 2 months about 50% of the original 4 ppm trifluralin remained in undisturbed soil vs 60 % in repeatedly mixed soil. The rate of degradation, after 2 months of incubation at 50% field capacity, increased with temperatures from 10°to40° the concentration of trifluralin required for a given growth reduction was approximately eight times greater after incubation at 40° than at 10°C. Comportement et persistattce de la trifluraline dans le sol Les effets de Ia trifluraline sur la croissance du sorgho cultivé dans divers sols ou mélanges de sol se sont révlés être en corrélation significative avec la matiere organique (entre < 0,1 % et 20,4 %) mais pas avec la teneur en argile (de 3 % A 63 %). Toutefois dans les sols contenant un taux analogue et faible de matiére organique, l'activité de la trifluraline s'est accrue en même temps que Ia leneur en argile. Aucune corrélation n'a été constatée entre la phytotoxicité de la trifluraline et la teneur en calcaire des sols. La persistance de la trifluraline incorporée dans le sol a été examinée au moyen de ressemis répétés de sorgho. La phytotoxicité dura plus longtemps dans le sol séché et remuéà chaque intervalle entre les semis que dans le sol non travaillé; au bout de 2 mois, 50% environ des 4 ppm de trifluraline apportés à. I'origine restaient dans le sol non remué contre 60% dans le sol plusieurs fois remué. Le taux de degradation, aprés deux mois d'inciibation à 50% de la capacityé au champ, augmenta avec la température de 10°à 40°C; la concentration de trifturaline nécessaire pour obtenir une réduction de croissance donnée fut approximativement huit fois plus grande aprés incubation. à 40° qu'aprés incubation à 10°C. Verhalten und Perststenz von Trifluralin im Boden Die Wachstumsreaktion von Hirse gegenubcr Trifluralin in verschiedenen Böden und Bodenmischungen war signifikant mit dem Gehalt an organischer Substanz (<0–1 %–20–4%) korreliert, nicht aber mit dem Tongehalt (von 3%‐63%). Jedoch nahm in Böden mit annähernd gleich niedrigen Gehalten an organischer Substanz die Wirksamkeit von Trifluralin mit steigendeni Tongehalt zu. Zwischen der Phytotoxizität von Trifluralin und dem Kalkgehalt der Böden wurde keine Korrelation gefunden. Die Persistenz von in den Boden eingearbeitetem Trifluralin wurde durch wiederholte Einsaat von Hirse untersucht. Die Phytotoxizität dauerte im Boden, der jeweil...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Behaviour and persistence of trifluralin in soil

1974

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“…The effect ofsoil factors on herbicidal activity may be determined by bioassay by correlating phytotoxicity with relevant physical and chemical soil characteristics (Harris & Sheets, 1965;Horowitz & Hulin, 1971a;Koren et at., 1968;Upchurch, 1958), or bioassays can be run on artificial soil preparations (Coffey & Warren, 1969;Doherty & Warren, 1969;Eshel & Warren, 1967;Hollist & Foy, 1971;Horowitz & Blumenfeld, 1973b;Horowitz et al, 1974;Lynd et al, 1966). Since the growth of the test plant may be markedly affected by soil constituents, the 'dual-pot' method has been developed, in which the mat of plant roots grown in uniform soil is exposed for a short time only to the tested media (Tompkins, Mclntosh & Dunigan, 1968).…”

Section: So/7 Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of bioassay techniques to herbicide investigations

Horowitz

1976

Weed Research

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R^sum6: ZusammenfassungBioassay techniques used in herbicide studies are based on the response of chosen organisms, superior plants or microorganisms, to the chemical. Various means of assessment are used: germination, weight or size of plant parts, modifications in physiological activities such as photosynthesis and transpiration, and typical symptoms. Several special bioassays are described. Dose-response relations are affected by the age of the indicator plant and environmental conditions of growth. Results can be estimated visually or by objective measurements; for correct interpretation appropriate controls and standards must be included in each experiment. Examples are given of bioassay procedures developed to investigate various aspects of herbicide behaviour: soil effects, dissipation from the soil surface, movement in soil, degradation and persistence. Application de la technique des essats biologiques aux recherches sur les herbicides.Les techniques des essais biologiques utilis6s dans les 6tudes sur les herbicides sont bas6es sur la r6ponse au produit d'organismes choisis, plantes sup6rieures ou microorganismes. Des moyens varies d'6valuation sont utilises: germination, poids ou taille de parties de plantes, modifications dans les activit6s physiologiques telles que la photosynthdse et la transpiration, enfin symptomes typiques. Plusieurs essais biologiques sp6ciaux sont d6crits. Les relations entre la dose et la r6ponse sont affectees par I'age de la plante utilis6e comme indicateur, ainsi que par les conditions de l'environnement qui agissent sur la croissance. Les rdsultats peuvent etre estimfis visuellement ou par des mesures objectives pour une interpretation correcte, des t6moins et des r6f6rences appropri6s doivent etre inclus dans chaque experience. Des exemples sont donn6s de protocoles d'essais biologiques 6tablis pour 6tudier divers aspects du comportement des herbicides: influence du sol, dissipation depuis la surface du sol, mouvement dans le sol, degradation et persistance.

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“…In addition, different benzothiazoles substituted at the C‐2 position with ureido moiety are of considerable interest for their diverse therapeutic applications. Here are several examples of benzothiazole ureido‐containing chemicals which were studied extensively as herbicide 1 , potent antibacterial agents and topoisomerase inhibitors 2 (Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here are several examples of benzothiazole ureido-containing chemicals which were studied extensively as herbicide [6] 1, potent antibacterial agents [7,8] and topoisomerase inhibitors [9] 2 ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2‐(3‐(N‐(substituted phenyl)sulfamoyl)ureido)benzothiazoles

Cheraiet¹,

Meliani

Nessaib³

et al. 2019

Archiv der Pharmazie

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A new series of 2‐(3‐(N‐(substituted phenyl)sulfamoyl)ureido)benzothiazoles was synthesized via a one‐pot efficient and scalable method, involving the condensation of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles derivatives, substituted anilines, and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. The products were obtained in good yield with a simple workup, and their structures were confirmed from their spectral analyses. The synthesized compounds were further screened for their antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogenic strains. The molecules show promising activity in the MIC value range of 2–0.25 µg/ml against selected bacterial strains, especially against nonfermentative carbapenem‐resistant bacteria (Pseudo VIM‐2 and Acinetobacter baumanni).

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Phytotoxicity of four herbicides in different synthetic soils

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Behaviour and persistence of trifluralin in soil

Behaviour and persistence of trifluralin in soil

Application of bioassay techniques to herbicide investigations

Scalable synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2‐(3‐(N‐(substituted phenyl)sulfamoyl)ureido)benzothiazoles

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