Phytotoxicity of amidosulfuron (sulfonylureas herbicide) to aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor L.

Abstract

This study examines effects of sulfonylurea herbicide Sekator OD 375 (amidosulfuron and iodosulfuron) to non-target aquatic plant species common duckweed (Lemna minor L.). The plants were affected by 5-75 µl/l concentrations of herbicide in their growth medium. L. minor had a strong phytotoxicty response to herbicide application (inhibition of growth, biomass, reduced content of photosynthetic pigments and increased content of malondialdehyde). The growth rate of L. minor was inhibited by 54.17%. The dry biomass was by 57.2% lower than in control. Application of herbicide provoked an oxidative stress, the concentrations of MDA was by 83.32% higher than in control.

Effects of CuO nanoparticles on Lemna minor

“…L. minor grows fast and reproduces more rapidly than other vascular plants. Because of these characteristics, duckweed is often used in water body restoration and ecotoxicological studies (Song et al 2012 ; Žaltauskaitė and Norvilaitė 2013 ). To study the toxicity effect of CuO NPs on L. minor , the macro growth and microphysical response of L. minor exposed to CuO NPs in several concentrations were investigated compared with those of L. minor exposed to bulk CuO and soluble Cu 2+ .…”

Nanocapsulation of herbicide Haloxyfop-R-methyl in poly(methyl methacrylate): phytotoxicological effects of pure herbicide and its nanocapsulated form on duckweed as a model macrophyte

“…The widespread use of herbicides and their continuous discharge into aquatic environments via surface runoff is one of the major causes of environmental contaminations 1,2 This group of contaminants can pose an important threat and stress factor to aquatic environments and endanger human and ecosystem health 3,4 Controlled release technology such as encapsulation can modify an herbicide's behavior and serve as an effective tool to reduce environmental contaminations 5−7 Moreover, encapsulation technology can reduce the total amount of used herbicide and protect the herbicide against environmental degradation and extent of duration of herbicide activity 7−9 According to the literature, many different techniques have been applied for the encapsulation of various herbicides up to now 7,9−12 Haloxyfop-R-methyl (methyl ( R)-2- [4-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2 pyridyloxy) phenoxy] propionate) belongs to the aryloxy-phenoxy propionate herbicides 13 It was developed as a selective herbicide for the control of grass weeds in broadleaf crops 14 In Iran, it is commonly used on sugar beet, canola, soybean, and onion farms. Haloxyfop-R-methyl prevents fatty acid biosynthesis by inhibiting acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), causing certain biochemical responses in different plants 14−16 In the last two decades, many comparative studies have been conducted to assess the toxicological effects of different classes of herbicides and their environmental risks on different target and nontarget plants 15,17 Among different plant species, the family Lemnaceae has received broad application in ecotoxicological studies as model organisms and the use of Lemna sp. in phytotoxicological investigations of pesticides has been reported by some previous studies 18−21 Due to the simple structure and morphology, high and speedy growth rate, and small size of Lemna species, these plants have many applications in ecotoxicological researches 22−24 Their sensitivity to different classes of pollutants and easy cultivation also make them suitable for such investigations.…”

“…Haloxyfop-R-methyl prevents fatty acid biosynthesis by inhibiting acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), causing certain biochemical responses in different plants 14−16 In the last two decades, many comparative studies have been conducted to assess the toxicological effects of different classes of herbicides and their environmental risks on different target and nontarget plants 15,17 Among different plant species, the family Lemnaceae has received broad application in ecotoxicological studies as model organisms and the use of Lemna sp. in phytotoxicological investigations of pesticides has been reported by some previous studies 18−21 Due to the simple structure and morphology, high and speedy growth rate, and small size of Lemna species, these plants have many applications in ecotoxicological researches 22−24 Their sensitivity to different classes of pollutants and easy cultivation also make them suitable for such investigations.…”