Phytotoxicity: An Overview of the Physiological Responses of Plants Exposed to Fungicides

Dias, Maria Celeste

doi:10.1155/2012/135479

Cited by 92 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Some fungicides, however, have been shown to have phytotoxic effects at high concentrations that are required to effectively control disease, and the number of fungicides that are available to farmers is declining due to increasing government regulation and loss of efficacy due to resistance [8,21,[34][35][36]. The introduction of novel fungicide chemistries that meet government regulatory standards, and the protection of existing chemistries against the threat of obsolescence due to resistance will likely be crucial for the assurance of food security in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vitro Inhibition of Pythium ultimum, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani by a Stabilized Lactoperoxidase System alone and in Combination with Synthetic Fungicides

2017

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Advances in enzyme stabilization and immobilization make the use of enzymes for industrial applications increasingly feasible. The lactoperoxidase (LPO) system is a naturally occurring enzyme system with known antimicrobial activity. Stabilized LPO and glucose oxidase (GOx) enzymes were combined with glucose, potassium iodide, and ammonium thiocyanate to create an anti-fungal formulation, which inhibited in-vitro growth of the plant pathogenic oomycete Pythium ultimum, and the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum and Rhizoctonia solani. Pythium ultimum was more sensitive than F. graminearum and R. solani, and was killed at LPO and GOx concentrations of 20 nM and 26 nM, respectively. Rhizoctonia solani and F. graminearum were 70% to 80% inhibited by LPO and GOx concentrations of 242 nM and 315 nM, respectively. The enzyme system was tested for compatibility with five commercial fungicides as co-treatments. The majority of enzyme + fungicide co-treatments resulted in additive activity. Synergism ranging from 7% to 36% above the expected additive activity was observed when P. ultimum was exposed to the enzyme system combined with Daconil ® (active ingredient (AI): chlorothalonil 29.6%, GardenTech, Lexington, KY, USA), tea tree oil, and mancozeb at select fungicide concentrations. Antagonism was observed when the enzyme system was combined with Tilt ® (AI: propiconazole 41.8%, Syngenta, Basel, Switzerland) at one fungicide concentration, resulting in activity 24% below the expected additive activity at that concentration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vitro Inhibition of Pythium ultimum, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani by a Stabilized Lactoperoxidase System alone and in Combination with Synthetic Fungicides

2017

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“…The factors affecting profitability include cultural practices, cultivar resistance, other pest damage, key fungicide-related aspects (application timing and costs, effectiveness in controlling the diseases, type of fungicides), and the price of wheat (Ordish and Dufour, 1969;Carlson and Main, 1976). Plant physiological responses to fungicide exposure may also impact the profitability (Nason et al, 2007;Berdugo et al, 2012;Dias, 2012). Furthermore, fungicides might affect naturally occurring microflora (especially yeasts) on the phylloplane which might provide protection against pathogens, thus increasing the susceptibility of the plant to the pathogens (Bashi and Fokkema, 1977;Magan and Lacey, 1986;Mukerji et al, 1999;Rodgers-Gray and Shaw, 2001;Wachowska, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). Regardless of the site, following the DSS-based recommendations resulted in a financial gain at all sites over the 2003-2012period, except in 2011at Christnach and in 2003 at Burmerange and Everlange. At Reuler, the DSS-based recommendations resulted in a financial gain in the four years when it was used (as did the 2T, except in 2003, and 3T treatments).…”

Section: Profitability Of the Decision Support System (Dss)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Economics of a decision–support system for managing the main fungal diseases of winter wheat in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg

Jarroudi

Kouadio

Beyer³

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

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a b s t r a c tWe evaluated the cost effectiveness of a decision-support system (DSS) developed for assessing in real time the risk of progression of the main fungal diseases (i.e., Septoria leaf blotch, powdery mildew, leaf rusts and Fusarium head blight) of winter wheat in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (GDL). The study was conducted in replicated field experiments located in four agricultural locations (representative of the main agro-ecological regions of the country) over a 10-year period (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). Three fungicide spray strategies were compared: a single DSS-based system and two commonly used spray practices in the GDL, a double-(2T) and a triple-spray (3T) treatment; there was also a non-treated control. In years with a high disease pressure, the DSS-based recommendation resulted in protection of the three upper leaves comparable to that achieved with the 2T and 3T treatments, with significant grain yield increases (P > 0.05) compared to the control (a 4 to 42% increase, depending on the site and year). Overall, the financial gain in treated plots compared with the control ranged from 3 to 16% at the study sites. Furthermore, in seasons when dry weather conditions precluded epidemic development, the DSS recommended no fungicide spray, reducing use of fungicide, and thus saving the cost of the product. The gain in yield for the 2T and 3T plots (compared with control) did not necessarily result in a financial gain during the duration of the experiment. This study demonstrates the potential advantages and profitability of using a DSS-based approach for disease management.

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“…The phenomenon usually occurring whenever plant metabolism becomes impaired due to biotic and abiotic factors, excess fertilization specially with nitrogenous fertilizers and application of systemic fungicides/pesticides etc. (Dias, 2012).Hence, better plant health vis-a-vis lesser pest incidence along with supportive soil functions can ensure the crop objective and economic balance in agriculture (Figure 3). …”

Section: The Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an organic package of practice towards integrated management of Solanum tuberosum and its comparison with conventional farming in terms of yield, quality, energy efficiency and economics

Seal¹,

Bera²,

Datta³

et al. 2017

AAS

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A study was taken up during 2014-16 for evaluating the potential of an organic package of practice towards integrated crop production (green farming) in comparison to conventional farmers' practice in West Bengal, India. Under green farming, compost was integrated with chemical fertilizer for soil management while organic plant/ pest management was undertaken utilizing Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) Technology. The study indicated higher yield (9.7 %), higher nutrient use efficiency and economic sustainability under green farming irrespective of study area or potato variety. Higher qualitative expression in terms of starch content, pulp pH, vitamin C etc. under green farming might be due to the organic plant management aimed at energization of plant biochemical functions. Soil quality development as noted under green farming might have been influenced by the onfarm produced compost containing rich self-generated micro flora (in order of 10 16 per colony forming unit.). The study indicated that green farming may serve as an efficient substitute of conventional farming towards yield sustenance, abatement of food toxicity and quality end product; through higher use of renewable energy and activation of plant physiological functions.Key words: green farming; organic plant management; energy use efficiency; soil quality; potato IZVLEČEK OVREDNOTENJE NABORA EKOLOŠKIH POSTOPKOV V INTEGRIRANI PRIDELAVI KROMPIRJA (Solanum tuberosum L.) V PRIMERJAVI S KONVENCIONALNO GLEDE NA PRIDELEK, KAKOVOST, ENERGETSKO UČINKOVITOST IN EKONOMIČNOSTZa ovrednotenje nabora praks ekološkega kmetovanja v integrirani pridelavi ("zeleno kmetovanje") v primerjavi s konvencionalno je bila v sezonah 2014-16 opravljena raziskava v Zahodni Bengaliji, Indija. Za pripravo tal je bil pri integrirani pridelavi uporabljen kompost skupaj z mineralnimi gnojili, pri ekološkem kmetovanju sta oskrba rastlin in nadzor škodljivcev sledila "Inhana" tehniki umnega kmetovanja (IRF). Raziskava je pokazala, da so bili večji pridelek (9.7 %), večja učinkovitost izrabe hranil in večja ekonomska vzdržnost doseženi pri integrirani pridelavi ne glede na mesto raziskave in sorto krompirja. Večje vrednosti kakovostnih kazalcev kot so vsebnost škroba, vitamina C, pH int. pri integrirani pridelavi bi lahko bile posledica ekološke obravnave rastlin, ki je ugodno vplivala na biokemične procese v rastlinah. Izboljšanje kakovosti tal, ki je bilo opaženo pri integrirani pridelavi, bi lahko bilo posledica uporabe na kmetijah pridelanega komposta, ki je vseboval bogato, samovzniklo mikrofloro (10 16 na enoto kolonije). Raziskava je pokazala, da lahko integrirana pridelava služi kot učinkovit nadomestek konvencionalnemu kmetovanju glede stalnosti pridelka, preprečevanja zastrupitve hrane in kakovosti končnih proizvodov preko večje uporabe obnovljive energije in vzpodbujanja fizioloških procesov v rastlinah.

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Phytotoxicity: An Overview of the Physiological Responses of Plants Exposed to Fungicides

Cited by 92 publications

References 23 publications

In-Vitro Inhibition of Pythium ultimum, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani by a Stabilized Lactoperoxidase System alone and in Combination with Synthetic Fungicides

In-Vitro Inhibition of Pythium ultimum, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani by a Stabilized Lactoperoxidase System alone and in Combination with Synthetic Fungicides

Economics of a decision–support system for managing the main fungal diseases of winter wheat in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg

Evaluation of an organic package of practice towards integrated management of Solanum tuberosum and its comparison with conventional farming in terms of yield, quality, energy efficiency and economics

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