Phytotoxic Effects of Benzimidazole Fungicides on Bedding Plants

Iersel, Marc W. van; Bugbee, Bruce

doi:10.21273/jashs.121.6.1095

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The increase in CUE reported in that study was not due to microbial breakdown of the growing medium, since the plants were grown in diatomaceous earth, an inert, inorganic substrate. CUE of most plants normally ranges from 0.5 to 0.7 (Amthor, 1989;Bednarz and van Iersel, 1999;Gifford, 1995;McCree et al, 1990;van Iersel and Bugbee, 1996), although it depends on growing conditions (van Iersel and Lindstrom, 1999), such as temperature, irradiance, and photoperiod. During the last 2 weeks of this experiment, CUE was within the normal range, while it was lower during the first 2 weeks after transplanting, perhaps because the plants suffered from transplant shock.…”

Section: Carbon Exchange Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Solution Concentration Affects Whole-plant CO2 Exchange and Growth of Subirrigated Pansy

Iersel¹,

Kang²

2002

jashs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To determine the effect of fertilizer concentration on plant growth and physiology, whole-plant C exchange rates of pansies (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams.) subirrigated with one of four fertilizer concentrations were measured over 30 days. Plants were watered with fertilizer solutions with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.15, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 dS·m-1 (N at 0, 135, 290, or 440 mg·L-1, respectively). Plants watered with a fertilizer solution with an EC of 2 dS·m-1 had the highest shoot dry weight (DW), shoot to root ratio, leaf area, leaf area ratio (LAR), and cumulative C gain at the end of the experiment compared to those watered with a solution with a higher or lower EC. Shoot tissue concentrations of N, P, K, S, Ca, Fe, Na, and Zn increased linearly with increasing fertilizer concentration. A close correlation between final DW of the plants and the measured cumulative C gain (CCG) (r2 = 0.98) indicated that the C exchange rates were good indicators of plant growth. There were quadratic relationships between fertilizer EC and gross photosynthesis, net photosynthesis, and dark respiration, starting at 13, 12, and 6 days after transplanting, respectively. Although plants fertilized with a fertilizer solution with an EC of 2 dS·m-1 had the highest C exchange rates, the final differences in shoot DW and CCG among ECs of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 dS·m-1 were small and it appears that pansies can be grown successfully with a wide range of fertilizer concentrations. Plants with a high LAR also had higher DW, suggesting that increased growth was caused largely by increased light interception. A detrimental effect of high fertilizer concentrations was that it resulted in a decrease in root DW and a large increase in shoot to root ratio.

show abstract

Section: Carbon Exchange Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Solution Concentration Affects Whole-plant CO2 Exchange and Growth of Subirrigated Pansy

Iersel¹,

Kang²

2002

jashs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data are the mean § standard error (n = 9) of a representative experiment. SigniWcant diVerences at P < 0.05 between leaves of control and treated plants are marked by asterisks and Bugbee 1996). Similarly the application of the triazole fungicide, epoxiconazole, caused photosynthesis alteration of cleavers, partly due to the modiWcation of phytosterol proWles and thylakoid function (Benton and Cobb 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVects of fungicides on photosynthesis have been already revealed by modiWcations of photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll Xuorescence, pigment contents or thylakoid function and integrity (Van Iersel and Bugbee 1996;Benton and Cobb 1997;Saladin et al 2003b;Alaoui-Sossé et al 2004;Xia et al 2006). An alteration of photosynthesis may disturb the whole carbon balance of the plant aVecting both restitution of reserves to storage organs (Petit et al 2006) and carbon nutrition in annual leaves and inXorescences (Saladin et al 2003a, b;Lebon et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botryticides affect grapevine leaf photosynthesis without inducing defense mechanisms

Petit

Wojnarowiez

Panon

et al. 2008

Planta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The eVects of the two botryticides, Xudioxonil (fdx) and fenhexamid (fhd), were investigated on grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir) following photosynthesis and defense mechanisms. Treatments were carried out in vineyard at the end of Xowering. Phytotoxicity of both fungicides was evaluated by measuring variations of leaf photosynthetic parameters and correlated expression of photosynthesis-related genes. Results demonstrated that similar decrease in photosynthesis was caused by fdx and fhd applications. Moreover, the mechanism leading to photosynthesis alteration seems to be the same for both fungicides. Stomatal limitation to photosynthetic gas exchange did not change following treatments indicating that inhibition of photosynthesis was mostly attributed to non-stomatal factors. Nevertheless, fungicides-induced depression of photosynthesis was related neither to a decrease in Rubisco carboxylation eYciency and in the capacity for regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate nor to loss in PSII activity. However, fdx and fhd treatments generated repression of genes encoding proteins involved in the photosynthetic process. Indeed, decreased photosynthesis was coupled with repression of PsbP subunit of photosystem II (psbP1), chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem I (cab) and Rubisco small subunit (rbcS) genes. A repression of these genes may participate in the photosynthesis alteration. To our knowledge, this is the Wrst study of photosynthesisrelated gene expression following fungicide stress. In the meantime, defense responses were followed by measuring chitinase activity and expression of varied defense-related genes encoding proteins involved in phenylpropanoid synthesis (PAL) or octadecanoid synthesis (LOX), as well as pathogenesis-related protein (Chi4C). No induction of defense was observed in botryticides-treated leaves. To conclude, the photosynthesis is aVected without any triggering of plant defense responses.

show abstract

“…The symptoms of phytotoxicity, however, may vary based on the type of chemical used including marginal necrosis, chlorotic patches or spots, and malformed flowers, buds, and young leaves (Dole and Wilkins 2004). For example, fungicides based with benzimidazole can cause reduced plant growth and visual damage in bedding plants (Iersel and Bugbee 1996).…”

Section: Post-emergence Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated management of damping-off diseases. A review

Lamichhane

Dürr

Schwanck³

et al. 2017

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

208

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Damping-off is a disease that leads to the decay of germinating seeds and young seedlings, which represents for farmers one of the most important yield constraints both in nurseries and fields. As for other biotic stresses, conventional fungicides are widely used to manage this disease, with two major consequences. On the one hand, fungicide overuse threatens the human health and causes ecological concerns. On the other hand, this practice has led to the emergence of pesticide-resistant microorganisms in the environment. Thus, there are increasing concerns to develop sustainable and durable damping-off management strategies that are less reliant on conventional pesticides. Achieving such a goal requires a better knowledge of pathogen biology and disease epidemiology in order to facilitate the decision-making process. It also demands using all available non-chemical tools that can be adapted to regional and specific production situations. However, this still is not the case and major knowledge gaps must be filled. Here, we review up to 300 articles of the damping-off literature in order to highlight major knowledge gaps and identify future research priorities. The major findings are (i) damping-off is an emerging disease worldwide, which affects all agricultural and forestry crops, both in nurseries and fields; (ii) over a dozen of soil-borne fungi and fungus-like organisms are a cause of damping-off but only a few of them are frequently associated with the disease; (iii) damping-off may affect from 5 to 80% of the seedlings, thereby inducing heavy economic consequences for farmers; (iv) a lot of research efforts have been made in recent years to develop biocontrol solutions for damping-off and there are interesting future perspectives; and (v) damping-off management requires an integrated pest management (IPM) approach combining both preventive and curative tactics and strategies. Given the complex nature of damping-off and the numerous factors involved in its occurrence, we recommend further research on critical niches of complexity, such as seeds, seedbed, associated microbes and their interfaces, using novel and robust experimental and modeling approaches based on five research priorities described in this paper.

show abstract

Phytotoxic Effects of Benzimidazole Fungicides on Bedding Plants

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Nutrient Solution Concentration Affects Whole-plant CO2 Exchange and Growth of Subirrigated Pansy

Nutrient Solution Concentration Affects Whole-plant CO2 Exchange and Growth of Subirrigated Pansy

Botryticides affect grapevine leaf photosynthesis without inducing defense mechanisms

Integrated management of damping-off diseases. A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About