Phytotoxic action of glyphosate and amitrole on corn seedlings

Ali, Arlene Asthana; Fletcher, R. A.

doi:10.1139/b78-263

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Root metabolic activity, which is an indication of respiration, was determined by the method described earlier (Asare-Boamah and Fletcher 1983), Reduction of 2,4,5triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to formazan, a red color, is an indication of the metabolic and/or respiratory activity in plant tissues (Ali and Fletcher 1979), Root tip sections (ten-5 mm) were floated in 0,1% (w/v) TTC solution in the dark for 3 h. The root tips were homogenized and extracted twice with ethyl acetate and the volume made up to 4 ml. The extract was centrifuged (2500 g) for 10 min at 0°C, The intensity of the red color was measured at 486 nm.…”

Section: Root Metabolic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of bean seedlings against heat and chilling injury by triadimefon

Asare-Boamah

Fletcher

1986

Physiologia Plantarum

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Triadimefon [1‐(4‐chlorophenoxy)‐3,3‐dimethyl‐l‐(l,2,4‐triazol‐l‐yl)‐2‐butanone] is a triazoie fungicide which protects bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Spring Green) plants from heat and chilling injury. When the plants were exposed to heat shock by dipping the shoots in hot (50°C) distilled water for 2 min or exposing the plants to cold (1°C) for 8 h the primary leaves showed visual symptoms of injury 2 days after treatment and thereafter there was a progressive decline in chlorophyll and an increase in electrolyte leakage indicative of a loss of membrane integrity. There was a loss of metabolic (respiratory) activity in the root meristems when the roots were dipped in hot (48°C) water. All these symptoms of heat and chilling injury in the controls were either delayed or prevented by root application of triadimefon.

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Section: Root Metabolic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of bean seedlings against heat and chilling injury by triadimefon

Asare-Boamah

Fletcher

1986

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…The process ultimately results in the reduction of aromatic amino acids, which in turn reduces or halts protein synthesis, causing cessation of growth and eventually cellular disruption and death. In addition to its main mode of action, glyphosate is known to impair a number of cellular structures and other biochemical processes, such as disruption of chloroplasts, membranes and cell walls, and the alteration of nucleic acid synthesis, photosynthesis, and respiration (e.g., Campbell et al 1976, Ali and Fletcher 1978, Hernando et al 1989, Schaffer and Sebetich 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Herbicide Roundup on Freshwater Microbial Communities: A Mesocosm Study

Pérez

Torremorell

Mugni

et al. 2007

Ecological Applications

152

102

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The impact of the widely used herbicide glyphosate has been mainly studied in terrestrial weed control, laboratory bioassays, and field studies focusing on invertebrates, amphibians, and fishes. Despite the importance of phytoplankton and periphyton communities at the base of the aquatic food webs, fewer studies have investigated the effects of glyphosate on freshwater microbial assemblages. We assessed the effect of the commercial formulation Roundup using artificial earthen mesocosms. The herbicide was added at three doses: a control (without Roundup) and two treatments of 6 and 12 mg/L of the active ingredient (glyphosate). Estimates of the dissipation rate (k) were similar in the two treatments (half-lives of 5.77 and 7.37 d, respectively). The only two physicochemical parameters showing statistically significant differences between treatments and controls were the downward vertical spectral attenuation coefficient kd(lambda), where lambda is wavelength, and total phosphorus concentration (TP). At the end of the experiment, the treated mesocosms showed a significant increase in the ratio kd(490 nm)/k(d)(550 nm) and an eightfold increase in TP. Roundup affected the structure of phytoplankton and periphyton assemblages. Total micro- and nano-phytoplankton decreased in abundance in treated mesocosms. In contrast, the abundance of picocyanobacteria increased by a factor of about 40. Primary production also increased in treated mesocosms (roughly by a factor of two). Similar patterns were observed in the periphytic assemblages, which showed an increased proportion of dead: live individuals and increased abundances of cyanobacteria (about 4.5-fold). Interestingly, the observed changes in the microbial assemblages were captured by the analysis of the pigment composition of the phytoplankton, the phytoplankton absorption spectra, and the analysis of the optical properties of the water. The observed changes in the structure of the microbial assemblages are more consistent with a direct toxicological effect of glyphosate rather than an indirect effect mediated by phosphorus enrichment.

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“…High levels of PAL activity produced toxic levels of ammonia and increased the levels of growth-inhibiting phenolic compounds (Duke et al, 1980). Furthermore, glyphosate acted as a respiratory inhibitor through uncoupling mitochondrial phosphorylation and reduced photosynthesis in the whole plants (Haderlie et al, 1977;Ali and Fletcher, 1977;Olorunsogo et al, 1979). In contrast, low concentrations of glyphosate did not show any phytotoxic effects on the whole plants and any remarkable changes on the aromatic amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Metabolism and Flower Symmetry of Petunia Corollas Treated with Glyphosate

Shimada

Kimura

2007

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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A change of flower shape was observed in petunia corollas treated with 0.5 mm glyphosate. Glyphosate changed the flower symmetry from the actinomorphic type to the zygomorphic type. Corollas treated with glyphosate showed an increased free amino acid content. Free amino acid profiles in petunia corollas revealed that glyphosate had no significant effect on aromatic amino acid levels but increased the level of proline. Soluble protein content in glyphosate-treated corollas did not cause any significant changes. The contents of soluble phenolics, lignin, and IAA in the corollas were not significantly affected by the glyphosate treatment. In contrast, glyphosate reduced the nitrate content and the RNA content of petunia corollas by 45% and 63% of the control, respectively. However, the DNA content in glyphosate-treated corollas was similar to that of the control.Low concentrations of glyphosate did not show any phytotoxic effects on the whole plants and any remarkable changes on aromatic amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis. However, glyphosate reduced the RNA content of petunia corollas and changed the flower symmetry from the actinomorphic type to the zygomorphic type. The results of nonprotein nitrogen metabolism in glyphosate-treated petunia corollas suggested that glyphosate application at low concentration may influence the regulation of flower symmetry through the change of RNA biosynthesis.

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Phytotoxic action of glyphosate and amitrole on corn seedlings

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Protection of bean seedlings against heat and chilling injury by triadimefon

Protection of bean seedlings against heat and chilling injury by triadimefon

Effects of the Herbicide Roundup on Freshwater Microbial Communities: A Mesocosm Study

Nitrogen Metabolism and Flower Symmetry of Petunia Corollas Treated with Glyphosate

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