Phytosynthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Saccharum arundinaceum (Hardy Sugar Cane), Their Characterizations, Antiglycation, and Cytotoxic Activities

Abstract

The goal of the current study is to achieve plant-mediated synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 NPs). The plant extract of Saccharum arundinaceum was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of Fe 2 O 3 NPs. Different techniques such as energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV−visible spectroscopy (UV−vis) were used to characterize the synthesis of Fe 2 O 3 NPs. UV−visible spectroscopy verified the synthesis of Fe 2 O 3 NPs using a surface plasmon resonance peak at a wavelength of 370 nm. SEM analysis specifies the spherical morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles with a size range between 30 and 70 nm. The reducing and capping materials of Fe 2 O 3 NPs were revealed by FT-IR analysis based on functional group identification. The plant extract contained essential functional groups, such as C−H, C−O, N−H, −CH 2 , and −OH, that facilitate the green synthesis of Fe 2 O 3 NPs. The EDX analysis detected the atomic percentage with the elemental composition of Fe 2 O 3 NPs, while the XRD pattern demonstrated the crystallinity of Fe 2 O 3 NPs. Furthermore, the synthesized Fe 2 O 3 NPs showed potential antiglycation activity under in vitro conditions, which was confirmed by the efficient zone of inhibition on glycation of bovine serum albumin/glucose (BSAglucose) in the order <100 < 500 < 1000 μg/mL, which revealed that Fe 2 O 3 NPs showed significant antiglycation activity. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity against brain glioblastoma cells was assessed using the MTT assay, which exhibited diminished cytotoxic activity at concentrations lower than 300 μg/mL. Thus, we assumed that the resulting Fe 2 O 3 NPs are a good option for use in drug delivery and cancer treatments.