Phytosaur remains (Reptilia, Thecodontia)from the Upper Triassic of North-Eastern Thailand

Buffetaut, Éric; Ingavat, Rucha

doi:10.1016/s0016-6995(82)80054-5

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Restricted to the Upper Triassic of central Europe; south-west Germany (Trossingen-Aixheim region, Pfaffenhofen): Keuper succession, Middle Keuper, Stubensandstein, middle Stubensandstein, sandstone subunits sc2 and sc3 (Stoll 1929;Brenner 1973); Austria: Dachsteinkalk (Buffetaut 1993); northern Italy: Dolomia Principale, Calcare di Zorzino Formation (Renesto and Paganoni 1998;Renesto and Lombardo 1999). Reports of Mystriosuchus elsewhere are either misidenti®cations (North Germany: von Huene 1922) or represent undiagnostic phytosaur remains (Madagascar: Guth 1963).…”

Section: Synonym Belodon Von Meyer In Von Meyer and Plieninger 1844mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Triassic Phytosaur Mystriosuchus Westphali, With A Revision of the Genus

Hungerbühler

2002

Palaeontology

160

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ABSTRACT. Mystriosuchus westphali is based on a large, well-preserved cranium and a snout fragment from the Stubensandstein (Norian) of south-west Germany. The hypodigm is redescribed and new or poorly known cranial structures in phytosaurs are discussed. For the ®rst time, the presence of a premaxillary crest is substantiated in a phytosaur. The type specimen shows a supernumerary occipital element (`tabular') that is probably fused to the parietal in other phytosaurs, and an orbitosphenoid. A computerised parsimony analysis con®rms the hypothesis that Mystriosuchus is nested within Pseudopalatinae, the most derived clade of phytosaurs, and thus does not fall within basal phytosaurs. Mystriosuchus is characterised by ®ve unique features (slit-like interpremaxillary fossa, triangular cross-section of the postorbito-squamosal bar, strongly reduced posttemporal fenestra, and two features of the cranial sculpture), plus eight synapomorphies that also occur in some more distantly related taxa. Mystriosuchus westphali is diagnosed by, among other apomorphies, a distinct premaxillary crest, a squamosal-proo Ètic contact, absence of a posterior process of the squamosal, and a slit-like posttemporal fenestra. The type species Mystriosuchus planirostris shows, most signi®cantly, the naris facing forward anteriorly and upward posteriorly, and the longest rostrum and the highest degree of depression of the supratemporal opening in any phytosaur. Mystriosuchus exempli®es a common pattern in phytosaurids in being a genus that includes a gracile, elongated, slender-snouted and a more robust species with a broader, often crested snout. This study demonstrates that a detailed analysis of the cranial anatomy and the rigorous application of cladistic principles to identi®ed character states help to clarify current inconsistencies in the taxonomy and nomenclature of phytosaurs.KEY WORDS: Triassic, Germany, Phytosauria, Pseudopalatinae, cranial anatomy, phylogeny. PH Y T O S A U R IA is a basal clade of crurotarsans, the line of archosaurs that culminates in modern crocodiles, which mimic crocodiles in both the overall morphology and the supposed semi-aquatic lifestyle. Phytosaurs are entirely restricted to the Late Triassic, but represent the most abundant terrestrial vertebrates in many¯uvial deposits of that age in the Northern Hemisphere. The Stubensandstein of Wu Èrttemberg (Middle Keuper, Norian) is the most proli®c source of phytosaurs in Europe, and specimens from these deposits played a pivotal role in the early history of scienti®c exploration of that group. The ®rst phytosaur taxa that were described are Phytosaurus cylindricodon Jaeger, 1828 and Belodon plieningeri von Meyer, in von Meyer and Plieningeri 1844 from the Stubensandstein, but both are based on inadequate mandibular fragments and isolated teeth and are now unanimously considered nomina dubia (Ballew 1989;Hunt and Lucas 1989;Long and Murry 1995; Hungerbu Èhler 1998a In 1909 and 1911 von Huene described a large phytosaur skull, GPIT 261/001 (for abbreviations,...

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Section: Synonym Belodon Von Meyer In Von Meyer and Plieninger 1844mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Triassic Phytosaur Mystriosuchus Westphali, With A Revision of the Genus

Hungerbühler

2002

Palaeontology

160

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“…Phytosaurs are basal pseudosuchian archosaurs that had a semi‐aquatic lifestyle, much like extant crocodylians (Hungerbühler 2002), and lived during the Late Triassic. Remains of the group occur nearly worldwide and have been found in the south‐western and eastern United States, Germany, India, Thailand, Morocco, Madagascar and Brazil (Jaeger 1828; Mehl 1913; Camp 1930; Dutuit 1977; Chatterjee 1978; Buffetaut and Ingavat 1982; Hungerbühler 2002; Kischlat and Lucas 2003): this pattern of distribution may be related to palaeogeographic features of Pangaea. Phytosaurs are a major component of the fauna of the Chinle Formation and Dockum Group of the south‐western United States, and ‘leptosuchine’ phytosaurs are often used in conjunction with other components of the fauna as biostratigraphic markers within the Late Triassic (Camp 1930; Hunt and Lucas 1991; Lucas and Hunt 1993; Lucas 1998).…”

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confidence: 98%

A new taxon of phytosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Late Triassic (Norian) Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation) in Arizona, and a critical reevaluation of Leptosuchus Case, 1922

Stocker

2010

Palaeontology

261

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Leptosuchus Case, 1922 (Reptilia: Phytosauria) from the Late Triassic of the American West is represented by many specimens. Here, I present complete morphological descriptions of the skull material of a new taxon from the Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation) of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, with the first rigorous phylogenetic analysis focused on the interrelationships of Leptosuchus. The new taxon is recovered as the sister taxon to Pseudopalatinae. It possesses one unambiguous synapomorphy (the 'septomaxillae' form part of the lateral borders of the nares) and shares the presence of a subsidiary opisthotic process with Pseudopalatinae. The new taxon does not fall within the restricted clade Leptosuchus. In my analysis, the previously proposed, but undemonstrated, sister taxon relationship between Angistorhinus and Rutiodon is not supported, Paleorhinus is recovered as paraphyletic, and a subset of taxa traditionally included within Leptosuchus are found to be more closely related to Pseudopalatinae, rendering Leptosuchus paraphyletic. 'Leptosuchus' adamanensis emerges as sister taxon to Smilosuchus gregorii and is here referred to as Smilosuchus adamanensis nov. comb., and 'Machaeroprosopus' lithodendrorum is also transferred to Smilosuchus lithodendrorum nov. comb. Documentation of the variation present within Phytosauria, and specifically within Leptosuchus sensu lato, demonstrates higher diversity within Phytosauria than previously appreciated and places the character states previously proposed for Pseudopalatinae into a broader context of shared characters.

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“…Huene, ; Doyle & Sues, ), and the Germanic Basin of central Europe and nearby areas (e.g. Meyer, , ; Huene, , ; Kuhn, , ; Hungerbühler, , ; Hungerbühler & Hunt, ; Dzik, ; Brusatte et al ., ), with rarer material known from elsewhere, including Morocco (Dutuit, 1977a, b; Fara & Hungerbühler, ), Turkey (Buffetaut, Martin & Monod, ), India (Huene, ; Chatterjee, ), Thailand (Buffetaut & Ingavat, ) and Brazil (Kischlat & Lucas, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redescription of the phytosaursPaleorhinus(‘Francosuchus’)angustifronsandEbrachosuchus neukamifrom Germany, with implications for Late Triassic biochronology

et al. 2013

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Phytosaurs are a diverse and morphologically distinctive clade of superficially crocodile-like archosauriforms that had a near global distribution during the Late Triassic. Because their remains are among the most abundant vertebrate remains recovered in many Upper Triassic terrestrial formations, phytosaurs are used extensively in long-range biochronological and biostratigraphic correlations. The biochronologically oldest and earliest branching known phytosaurs include an array of nominal species from the early Late Triassic of the United States, Germany, Poland, Morocco, and India that have been synonymized within the genus Paleorhinus, and subsequently used to define a global 'Paleorhinus biochron'. However, recent phylogenetic work suggested that the North American species previously referred to Paleorhinus are paraphyletic. Here, we reassess the systematics and anatomy of putative specimens of Paleorhinus from southern Germany. Two well-preserved basal phytosaur skulls from the Blasensandstein (Carnian) of Bavaria form the holotypes of Francosuchus angustifrons and Ebrachosuchus neukami, both of which were synonymized with Paleorhinus by previous workers. We demonstrate that Francosuchus angustifrons shares unique synapomorphies with specimens referred to Paleorhinus bransoni from the Late Triassic of Texas, and thus refer the species to Paleorhinus. By contrast, the longirostrine Ebrachosuchus is highly distinctive in morphology, and our new cladistic analysis of Phytosauria demonstrates that it represents a valid taxon that is more closely related to Phytosauridae than to Paleorhinus. We provide the first autapomorphybased support for a monophyletic but restricted Paleorhinus (supported by a nodal row on the jugal, and low paired ridges on the squamosal) and confirm that previous broader conceptions of Paleorhinus are likely to be paraphyletic.

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Phytosaur remains (Reptilia, Thecodontia)from the Upper Triassic of North-Eastern Thailand

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

The Late Triassic Phytosaur Mystriosuchus Westphali, With A Revision of the Genus

The Late Triassic Phytosaur Mystriosuchus Westphali, With A Revision of the Genus

A new taxon of phytosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Late Triassic (Norian) Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation) in Arizona, and a critical reevaluation of Leptosuchus Case, 1922

Redescription of the phytosaursPaleorhinus(‘Francosuchus’)angustifronsandEbrachosuchus neukamifrom Germany, with implications for Late Triassic biochronology

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