Phytoremediation of the organic Xenobiotic simazine by p450-1a2 transgenicArabidopsis thalianaplants

Abstract

The potential use of human P450-transgenic plants for phytoremediation of pesticide contaminated soils was tested in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The transgenic P450 CYP1A2 gene Arabidopsis thaliana plants metabolize number of herbicides, insecticides and industrial chemicals. The P450 isozymes CYP1A2 expressed in A. thaliana were examined regarding the herbicide simazine (SIM). Transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing CYP1A2 gene showed significant resistance to SIM supplemented either in plant growth medium or sprayed on foliar parts. The results showed that SIM produces harmful effect on both rosette diameter and primary root length of the wild type (WT) plants. In transgenic A. thaliana lines, the rosette diameter and primary root length were not affected by SIM concentrations used in this experiment. The results indicate that CYP1A2 can be used as a selectable marker for plant transformation, allowing efficient selection of transgenic lines in growth medium and/or in soil-grown plants. The transgenic A. thaliana plants exhibited a healthy growth using doses of up to 250 μmol SIM treatments, while the non-transgenic A. thaliana plants were severely damaged with doses above 50 μmol SIM treatments. The transgenic A. thaliana plants can be used as phytoremediator of environmental SIM contaminants.

Implementation of Omics Research to Enhance Phytoremediation Efficiency - a Review

“…Hence, the implementation of more cost-efficient methods of soil remediation, such as phytoextraction of metals or phytodegradation of organic pollutants could potentially be a promising solution, especially in large areas contaminated in the past via various range of anthropogenic sources [16]. In order to achieve satisfactory results, investigation of the specific, best suitable plant species for given process is a necessity [17].…”

“…For degradation of organic pollutants, phytodegradation seems to be an optimal solution which involves degradation of such contaminants by specific plants [17]. During this approach, plants metabolism breaks down the organic substance through internal or secreted enzymes.…”

“…In the past five years, the use of transgenic plants with specific bacterial genes had been successfully used to decrease the phytotoxic effects of nitro-aromatic contaminants which were then used for their removal from soil (Table 3). Moreover, the overexpression of cytochrome P450s genes had been shown to increase the metabolism of a vast variety of herbicides and environmental pollutants in plants [17]. Also, genes involved in detoxification of heavy metals are used to enhance the efficiency of metal phytoremediation in numerous recent studies [10,28,32].…”

“…Also, genes involved in detoxification of heavy metals are used to enhance the efficiency of metal phytoremediation in numerous recent studies [10,28,32]. One of the studies showed that transgenic plants with bacterial genes could convert herbicide simazine to different and nontoxic forms [17]. Nahar et al cloned, and transformed the AtACR2 gene (encoding arsenic reductase 2) of Arabidopsis thaliana into the genome of Nicotiana tabacum.…”

Microbial degradation of pesticide: A review

“…Among this sunflower was found to efficiently remove endosulfan from contaminated soil. Human p450 transgenic A. thalinana was able to remove herbicide simazine of up to 250 µmole while nontransgenic plants were unable to tolerate simazine of 50 µmole (Azab et al, 2016). In situ cultivation of second generation biofuel crop, Miscanthus X giganteus was found to efficiently eliminate risk associated with both environmental and health due to contamination of organochlorines (Nurzhanova et al, 2015).…”