Phytoremediation of Aged Petroleum Sludge: Effect of Irrigation Techniques and Scheduling

Hutchinson, Stacy L.; Schwab, A. P.; Banks, M. Katherine

doi:10.2134/jeq2001.3051516x

Cited by 43 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These results suggest that a high TPH content inhibits plant growth and microbial activity in the rhizosphere environment, which then results in low TPH degradation. Other factors affecting the rhizoremediation process include inoculation, the addition of nutrients, soil organic content, soil depth and salt content (Mishra et al, 2001;Margesin et al, 2003;Lin and Mendelssohn, 1998;Hutchinson et al, 2001;Keller et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the rhizoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil: effect of different influencing factors

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Pilot experiments were conducted to analyse the effect of different environmental factors on the rhizoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. Different plant species (cotton, ryegrass, tall fescue and alfalfa), the addition of fertilizer, different concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil, bioaugmentation with effective microbial agents (EMA) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and remediation time were tested as influencing factors during the bioremediation process of TPH. The results show that the remediation process can be enhanced by different plant species. The order of effectiveness of the plants was the following: tall fescue > ryegrass > alfalfa > cotton. The degradation rate of TPH increased with increased fertilizer addition, and a moderate urea level of 20 g N (Nitrogen)/m 2 was best for both plant growth and TPH remediation. A high TPH content is toxic to plant growth and inhibits the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The results showed that a 5% TPH content gave the best degradation in soil planted with ryegrass. Bioaugmentation with different bacteria and PGPR yielded the following results for TPH degradation: cotton+EMA+PGPR > cotton+EMA > cotton+PGPR > cotton > control. Rapid degradation of TPH was found at the initial period of remediation caused by the activity of microorganisms. A continuous increase of degradation rate was found during the 30-90 days period followed by a slow increase during the 90-150 days period. These results suggest that rhizoremediation can be enhanced with the proper control of different influencing factors that affect both plant growth and microbial activity in the rhizosphere environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the rhizoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil: effect of different influencing factors

et al. 2010

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“…This happens because the increase in root hairs maximizes absorptive surface (Esau 1977), and may also be related to the low availability of phosphorus (Ma et al 2001). It is known that soils with hydrocarbons exhibit lower water retention (Merkl et al 2005), and that bioremediated soils exhibit lower concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus (Hutchinson et al 2001), that was recorded in this experiment with A. edulis (Tab. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This fact shows that even after bioremediation, A. edulis plants exhibited morphological alterations that characterize the reduction in water and nutrient availability in the soil. The fact that A. edulis is capable of root branching and of increasing the concentration of root hairs in contaminated and bioremediated soils might be an important survival strategy in those conditions; since a broader root system is able to obtain a greater amount of water and nutrients (Hutchinson et al 2001). Phytotoxicity of petroleum on Allophylus edulis…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity of petroleum-contaminated soil and bioremediated soil on Allophylus edulis

et al. 2011

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This study aimed to assess the effect of petroleum-contaminated and bioremediated soils on germination, growth and anatomical structure of Allophylus edulis. We tested oil-contaminated soil, bioremediated soil and non-contaminated soil. We evaluated germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), biomass and length of roots and shoots, total biomass, root and hypocotyl diameter, thickness of eophylls and cotyledons, leaf area, eophyll stomatal index and seedling anatomy. Germination percentage, GSI, biomass and leaf area did not differ between treatments after 30 days. Root biomass and plant height were lower in the noncontaminated treatment. Root biomass and leaf area differed between treatments after 60 days. Thickness of cotyledons was higher in bioremediated soil than in other treatments. Root and eophyll structure showed little variation in contaminated soil. We conclude that A. edulis was not affected by petroleum in contaminated and bioremediated soils and that this species has potential for phytoremediation.

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“…Phytoremediation has been used successfully for treatment of a variety of PHC-impacted soils. Numerous plant species, including grasses and legumes, have been shown to facilitate the removal of both individual compounds and mixtures (Aprill and Sims 1990;Schwab and Banks 1999;Gunther et al 1996;Liste and Alexander 2000;Hutchinson et al 2001;Palmroth et al 2002). But, there is little published information available for the application of phytoremediation in Canadian soils (Frick et al 1999;Godwin and Thorpe 2000).…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence, survival and growth of selected plant species in petroleum-impacted flare pit soils

Rutherford¹,

Dickinson²,

Arocena³

2005

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Rutherford, P. M., Dickinson, S. J. and Arocena, J. M. 2005. Emergence, survival and growth of selected plant species in petroleum-impacted flare pit soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 85: 139-148. One of the prerequisites to phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils is that plants be able to germinate and become established in the presence of contaminants. This 5-wk growth chamber study examined the tolerance of five grasses and one legume to petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) and associated salts in three weathered, fine-textured, flare pit soils obtained from NE British Columbia. Plant tolerance to these soils was measured by percent seedling emergence (PSE), percent seedling survival (PSS) and 5-wk dry shoot biomass; a non-contaminated control soil was included in the study. The contaminated soils showed a wide range in total PHC concentrations (Soil A: 0.1 %, Soil B: 1.8 %, Soil C: 16 % PHC by mass) and in the recently established Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) PHC Tier 1 fractions 1-4. Electrical conductivity in contaminated soils ranged from 3.00 (Soil B) to 5.16 (Soil A) dS m -1 . Medicago sativa (alfalfa, cv. Peace) was sensitive (low PSS, PSE and shoot biomass) to high salinity of Soil A but flourished in Soil B, a soil with F3 and F4 (gravimetric) concentrations that exceeded CCME PHC Tier 1 Eco Contact standards for agricultural, residential and parkland soils. When considering the combined effects of PHC and salts, Bromus inermis (smooth brome, cv. Carlton) was the grass most tolerant of contaminants in the weathered industrial soils. Compared to other plants, it consistently produced relatively high PSS, PSE and shoot biomass. Soil C was slightly hydrophobic and all plants showed reduced shoot biomass compared to other soils; however, average shoot biomass for Bromus inermis was almost twice as great as any other plant species growing in this soil. More research on the properties and remediation of historic flare pit soils is warranted.Key words: Hydrocarbons, phytoremediation, soil contamination, soil remediation, CCME, soil toxicity Rutherford, P. M., Dickinson, S. J. et Arocena, J. M. 2005. Levée, survie et croissance de certaines espèces végétales dans le sol des fosses de brûlage contaminé par le pétrole. Can. J. Soil Sci. 85: 139-148. Restaurer les sols contaminés par les hydrocarbures suppose notamment que les plantes réussissent à germer et à s'établir malgré les polluants. L'étude de cinq semaines en phytotron entreprise par les auteurs devait préciser la tolérance de cinq graminées et d'une légumineuse aux hydrocarbures pétroliers (HCP) et à leurs sels dans trois sols à fine granulométrie altérés venant de fosses de brûlage du nord-est de la ColombieBritannique. Les auteurs ont déterminé la tolérance des plantes au sol en fonction du pourcentage de germination (PG), du pourcentage de survie (PS) et de la biomasse sèche des pousses à cinq semaines. L'étude comportait un sol témoin non contaminé. Les sols pollués renfermaient une concentration très variable de HCP (sol A ...

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Phytoremediation of Aged Petroleum Sludge: Effect of Irrigation Techniques and Scheduling

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Characterisation of the rhizoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil: effect of different influencing factors

Characterisation of the rhizoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil: effect of different influencing factors

Phytotoxicity of petroleum-contaminated soil and bioremediated soil on Allophylus edulis

Emergence, survival and growth of selected plant species in petroleum-impacted flare pit soils

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