Phytoplasma Diseases of Palms

Yankey, Egya Ndede; Bila, J.; Rosete, Yaima Arocha; Oropeza, Carlos; Pilet, Fabian

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0119-3_9

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…CLYD are present in Africa, the Caribbean, Central America, and Oceania, where they are associated with different “ Ca . Phytoplasma” species according to the area considered (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Analysis Reveals Three Distinct Populations of “ Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” with a Specific Geographical Distribution on the African Continent

Pilet

Quaicoe

Osagie

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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To sustain epidemiological studies on coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), a devastating disease in Africa caused by a phytoplasma, we developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for “CandidatusPhytoplasma palmicola” based on eight housekeeping genes. At the continental level, eight different sequence types were identified among 132 “CandidatusPhytoplasma palmicola”-infected coconuts collected in Ghana, Nigeria, and Mozambique, where CLYD epidemics are still very active. “CandidatusPhytoplasma palmicola” appeared to be a bacterium that is subject to strong bottlenecks, reducing the fixation of positively selected beneficial mutations into the bacterial population. This phenomenon, as well as a limited plant host range, might explain the observed country-specific distribution of the eight haplotypes. As an alternative means to increase fitness, bacteria can also undergo genetic exchange; however, no evidence for such recombination events was found for “CandidatusPhytoplasma palmicola.” The implications for CLYD epidemiology and prophylactic control are discussed. The usefulness of seven housekeeping genes to investigate the genetic diversity in the genus “CandidatusPhytoplasma” is underlined.IMPORTANCECoconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of “Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola,” which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of “Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola” with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission.

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“…CLYD are present in Africa, the Caribbean, Central America, and Oceania, where they are associated with different “ Ca . Phytoplasma” species according to the area considered (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Analysis Reveals Three Distinct Populations of “ Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” with a Specific Geographical Distribution on the African Continent

Pilet

Quaicoe

Osagie

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This is especially relevant in PNG where BCS is currently restricted to the Madang province (BWAP has been recorded in the Markham Valley, Morobe province). To date, best practice from managing coconut lethal yellowing remains sanitation and replacement with resistant varieties, which so far, are yet to been identified in PNG 8 , 31 , 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and identification of Bogia coconut syndrome phytoplasma from seed-associated tissues and seedlings of coconut (Cocos nucifera) and betel nut (Areca catechu)

Lu,

Wilson,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Evidence for seed transmission of phytoplasmas has grown in several pathosystems including coconut (Cocos nucifera). Bogia coconut syndrome (BCS) is a disease associated with the lethal yellowing syndrome associated with the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma noviguineense’ that affects coconut, betel nut (Areca catechu) and bananas (Musa spp.) in Papua New Guinea. Coconut and betel nut drupes were sampled from BCS-infected areas in Papua New Guinea, dissected, the extracted nucleic acid was used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) used to check for presence of phytoplasma DNA. In a second study, drupes of both plant species were collected from multiple field sites and grown in insect-proof cages. Leaf samples taken at 6 months were also tested with PCR and LAMP. The studies of dissected coconut drupes detected phytoplasma DNA in several tissues including the embryo. Drupes from betel nut tested negative. Among the seedlings, evidence of possible seed transmission was found in both plant species. The results demonstrate the presence of ‘Ca. P. noviguineense’ in coconut drupes and seedlings, and in seedlings of betel nut; factors that need to be considered in ongoing management and containment efforts.

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“…noviguineense' and 'Ca. P. dypsidis' in Papua New Guinea and Australia, respectively (Bertaccini et al, 2022;Harrison et al, 2014;Jones et al, 2021;Miyazaki et al, 2018) (Gurr et al, 2016;Hemmati et al, 2020;Yankey et al, 2018). Although the transmission of phytoplasmas among palms has been intensively studied, to date the only insect vector identified is Haplaxius crudus, which is known to transmit 'Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P. wodyetiae’ and ‘ Ca . P. cynodontis’ (Gurr et al, 2016; Hemmati et al, 2020; Yankey et al, 2018). Although the transmission of phytoplasmas among palms has been intensively studied, to date the only insect vector identified is Haplaxius crudus , which is known to transmit ‘ Ca .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola’ associated with coconut lethal yellowing in Equatorial Guinea

Bertaccini,

Contaldo,

Feduzi

et al. 2023

Annals of Applied Biology

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During the past two decades, a high mortality of coconut palms was observed in the coastal areas of Equatorial Guinea. Reportedly, the palm population has been reduced by 60%–70%, and coconut production has decreased accordingly. To identify the cause of the mortality, a survey was carried out in April 2021 in various localities of the coconut belt. Molecular analyses carried out on 16S rRNA and secA genes detected phytoplasma presence in the majority of the samples. Sequencing and BLAST search of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed >99% identity of the detected phytoplasmas to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola’. The RFLP analyses of 16S ribosomal gene using Tru1I and TaqI enzymes led to assign these phytoplasmas to subgroup 16SrXXII‐A. In all samples that tested positive, including one from a hybrid coconut palm and two from oil palm the same phytoplasma was identified. The phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and secA genes confirmed respectively 99.98%–100% and 97.94%–100% identity to ‘Ca. P. palmicola’. RFLP analyses using MboII enzyme on the secA gene amplicon differentiated the phytoplasma found in Equatorial Guinea from those present in Ghana and Ivory Coast. The Equatorial Guinean phytoplasma strain resulted to be identical to the strains from Mozambique, confirming the presence of a geographic differentiation among phytoplasma strains in the coastal areas of Western and Central Africa. The identified phytoplasma is different from the ‘Ca. P. palmicola’ strains found in Ghana and Ivory Coast and represents the first identification a 16SrXXII‐A strain in Equatorial Guinea and in Central Africa. Strict monitoring and surveillance procedures for early detection of the pathogen are strongly recommended to reduce its impact and further spread in the country and permit the recovery of coconut plantations.

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Phytoplasma Diseases of Palms

Cited by 7 publications

References 71 publications

Multilocus Sequence Analysis Reveals Three Distinct Populations of “ Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” with a Specific Geographical Distribution on the African Continent

Multilocus Sequence Analysis Reveals Three Distinct Populations of “ Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” with a Specific Geographical Distribution on the African Continent

Detection and identification of Bogia coconut syndrome phytoplasma from seed-associated tissues and seedlings of coconut (Cocos nucifera) and betel nut (Areca catechu)

Molecular identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola’ associated with coconut lethal yellowing in Equatorial Guinea

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