Phytoplankton seed populations of the Cape Peninsula upwelling plume, with particular reference to resting spores of Chaetoceros (bacillariophyceae) and their role in seeding upwelling waters

Pitcher, GC

doi:10.1016/0272-7714(90)90105-z

Cited by 84 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although the ecologically relevant time scales of adaptation pertain to natural, mixed-species phytoplankton assemblages, successional changes in species composition of the assemblage during a bloom event (Chavez et al 1990;Pitcher 1990) may obscure the analysis of events controlling molecular and physiological processes sensitive to changing environments. In contrast, the experimental approach used here enabled precise observations of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of N-stressed S. costatum cells to improved conditions of light and N03-availability simulating a brief upwelling pulse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and physiological responses of diatoms to variable levels of irradiance and nitrogen availability: Growth of Skeletonema costatum in simulated upwelling conditions

1992

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Molecular mechanisms that drive metabolic acclimation to environmental shifts have been poorly characterized in phytoplankton. In this laboratory study, the response of light-and N-limited Skeletonema costatum cells to an increase in light and NO, availability was examined. C assimilation was depressed relative to N assimilation early in enrichment, and the photosynthetic quotient (0, : CO,) increased, consistent with the shunting of reducing equivalents from CO, fixation to NO; reduction. The concomitant increase in dark respiration was consistent with the increased energetic demand associated with macromolecular synthesis. The accelerations of N-specific rates of NO,-uptake and nitrate rcductase activity (NRA) over the first 24 h were comparable to observations for coastal upwelling systems. Increases in cell-specific rates of these proccsscs, however, were confined to the first 8 h of enrichment. The abundance of 18s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) increased immediately after the environmental shift, followed by increases in levels of NR-specific mRNA that coincided with the acceleration in NO,-assimilation. NRA, however, exhibited a diurnal rhythm that did not correspond to changes in NR protein abundance, suggesting that enzyme activity was also regulated by direct modulation of existing NR protein by light and NO, -availability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and physiological responses of diatoms to variable levels of irradiance and nitrogen availability: Growth of Skeletonema costatum in simulated upwelling conditions

1992

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“…Thus, those vegetative cells and, moreover, their resting stage cells, advected from coastal waters to the surface of the pelagic region (at least in the euphotic layer), might contribute to the initiation of annual blooms, as seed cells, in the KumanoNada. On the other hand, Pitcher (1990) suggested that the upwelling system of southern Benguela plays an important role to help the resting spores, distributed in the subsurface layer, to be brought back to the surface and act as seeds for their blooms. Takahashi et al (1977) also pointed out the possibility that water mass movements, such as upwelling and vertical mixing, could return sunken phytoplankton cells to the euphotic layer in the deep inlet of British Columbia, Canada.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting stage cells of diatoms in deep waters in Kumano-Nada, central part of Japan

Ishikawa

Kitami

Ishii

et al. 2011

Plankton Benthos Res

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“…In northern fjords, there are few planktonic cells left in the surface waters after the typically long, dark winters, and benthic resting stages are the most likely supply of cells for the spring diatom bloom (Eilertsen et al 1995). Resting stages are also an important inoculation source for bloom formation in upwelling areas, because the propagules are brought to the surface with nutrient-rich deep water (Pitcher et al 1993). In most temperate areas, however, it has been difficult to determine if spores actually seed diatom blooms, because fugitive vegetative cells may always be present in low numbers (Garrison 1981).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the East China Sea, storms resuspend resting stages in early spring, and these cells can grow to bloom proportions in about 1 week (Ishikawa et al 2001). Phytoplankton in the southern Benguela upwelling region are seeded by inoculations of diatom resting stages through upwelling (Pitcher 1990).…”

Section: Resuspension Of Resting Stages For Bloom Inoculation-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of coastal planktonic diatoms from benthic versus pelagic cells: Variations in bloom development and species composition

McQuoid

Godhe

2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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Although phytoplankton blooms are major events in aquatic systems, the importance of benthic resting stages in seeding planktonic blooms is still unclear. Using microcosms, we tested the influence of benthic versus planktonic inocula on the development and taxonomic composition of diatom communities in a temperate fjord. Experiments in early spring 2002, fall 2002, and late spring 2003 showed that the type and quantity of inoculum influenced bloom development and composition. Species composition was vastly different when seeded by cells from the benthos. Species such as Detonula confervacea and Thalassiosira minima showed strong dependence on benthic propagules. Populations of Chaetoceros debilis and Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii were initiated by both benthic and planktonic cells, and benthic seeding was most successful when experiments were preceded by a planktonic bloom. Skeletonema costatum was abundant in all treatments but showed variations in size, depending on the type of inoculum. Species that do not have a resting stage, such as Pseudo-nitzschia spp., were present only in planktontreated microcosms. Seasonal factors were especially important in determining the successful growth of newly seeded populations. Our results indicate that benthic resting stages provide an important source for some species. Because the introduction of benthic resting stages to surface waters can greatly influence species composition of the plankton, it is important that studies of plankton blooms include life-history stages from both the sediments and the water column.

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Phytoplankton seed populations of the Cape Peninsula upwelling plume, with particular reference to resting spores of Chaetoceros (bacillariophyceae) and their role in seeding upwelling waters

Cited by 84 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular and physiological responses of diatoms to variable levels of irradiance and nitrogen availability: Growth of Skeletonema costatum in simulated upwelling conditions

Molecular and physiological responses of diatoms to variable levels of irradiance and nitrogen availability: Growth of Skeletonema costatum in simulated upwelling conditions

Resting stage cells of diatoms in deep waters in Kumano-Nada, central part of Japan

Recruitment of coastal planktonic diatoms from benthic versus pelagic cells: Variations in bloom development and species composition

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