Phytoplankton Productivity in Aquatic Ecosystems

Boynton, Walter R.; Hall, Charlotte; Falkowski, Paul G.; Keefe, Carolyn W.; Kemp, William

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68156-1_11

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Yet, the complexities of estuarine responses to nutrient and sediment loading suggest that the benefits of implementing the TMDL will not simply lead to a gradual improvement in all conditions as these inputs decline (Boynton et al. , Cloern ). Rather, the benefits of having lessened the stress of eutrophication may not fully manifest until the system is challenged to withstand or recover from new or unusual levels of stress associated with climate change or other novel pressures.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accumulated scientific knowledge strongly indicates that the ability to adapt to stressors such as higher water temperatures, salinity variability, storm damage, or the introduction of invasive species and diseases will be enhanced once the bay ecosystem is released from high eutrophication stress. Yet, the complexities of estuarine responses to nutrient and sediment loading suggest that the benefits of implementing the TMDL will not simply lead to a gradual improvement in all conditions as these inputs decline (Boynton et al 1983, Cloern 2001. Rather, the benefits of having lessened the stress of eutrophication may not fully manifest until the system is challenged to withstand or recover from new or unusual levels of stress associated with climate change or other novel pressures.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience indicators support valuation of estuarine ecosystem restoration under climate change

Wainger

Secor

Gurbisz

et al. 2017

Ecosyst Health Sustain

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Economic valuation of ecological restoration most often encompasses only the most tangible ecosystem service benefits, thereby omitting many difficult‐to‐measure benefits, including those derived from enhanced reliability of ecosystem services. Because climate change is likely to impose novel ecosystem stressors, a typical approach to valuing benefits may fail to capture the contribution of ecosystem resilience to sustaining long‐term benefits. Unfortunately, we generally lack predictive probabilistic models that would enable measurement and valuation of resilience. Therefore, alternative measures are needed to complement monetary values and broaden understanding of restoration benefits. We use a case study of Chesapeake Bay restoration (total maximum daily load) to show that ecosystem service benefits that are typically monetized leave critical information gaps. To address these gaps, we review evidence for ecosystem services that can be quantified or described, including changes in harmful algal bloom risks. We further propose two integrative indicators of estuarine resilience—the extent of submerged aquatic vegetation and spatial distribution of fish. Submerged aquatic vegetation extent is indicative of qualities of ecosystems that promote positive feedbacks to water quality. Broadly distributed fish populations reduce risk by promoting diverse responses to spatially heterogeneous stresses. Our synthesis and new analyses for the Chesapeake Bay suggest that resilience metrics improve understanding of restoration benefits by demonstrating how nutrient and sediment load reductions will alleviate multiple sources of stress, thereby enhancing the system's capacity to absorb or adapt to extreme events or novel stresses.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%