Phytoplankton. Methods and Problems

Gran, H. H.

doi:10.1093/icesjms/7.3.343-a

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Stratification was also seen as one cause of the bloom's demise, as it separated the phytoplankton from their source of nutrients, potentially resulting post‐bloom in a nutrient‐limited low‐biomass condition. This situation could then be altered in autumn when mixed layer deepening reintroduced nutrients from depth and yielded a secondary bloom until light levels once again prevented growth (Atkins, ; Gran, ).…”

Section: A Developing Thoughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next issue to deal with is the word “Critical.” Neither of the above two hypotheses should be cited as originating the concept that phytoplankton blooms are initiated by improved mixed layer light conditions. More appropriate references for this might be Gran () and Atkins () although many earlier studies contributed to the idea (Mills, ). Rather, the significance of the term “Critical” is that it denotes a threshold.…”

Section: A Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Student's tutorial on bloom hypotheses in the context of phytoplankton annual cycles

Behrenfeld

Boss

2017

Global Change Biology

129

153

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Phytoplankton blooms are elements in repeating annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass and they have significant ecological and biogeochemical consequences. Temporal changes in phytoplankton biomass are governed by complex predator–prey interactions and physically driven variations in upper water column growth conditions (light, nutrient, and temperature). Understanding these dependencies is fundamental to assess future change in bloom frequency, duration, and magnitude and thus represents a quintessential challenge in global change biology. A variety of contrasting hypotheses have emerged in the literature to explain phytoplankton blooms, but over time the basic tenets of these hypotheses have become unclear. Here, we provide a “tutorial” on the development of these concepts and the fundamental elements distinguishing each hypothesis. The intent of this tutorial is to provide a useful background and set of tools for reading the bloom literature and to give some suggestions for future studies. Our tutorial is written for “students” at all stages of their career. We hope it is equally useful and interesting to those with only a cursory interest in blooms as those deeply immersed in the challenge of understanding the temporal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and predicting its future change.

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Section: A Developing Thoughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Student's tutorial on bloom hypotheses in the context of phytoplankton annual cycles

Behrenfeld

Boss

2017

Global Change Biology

129

153

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“…The original mention (Gran 1931, Hart 1934 of Fe as one among several possible limiting factors specifically for the Southern Ocean was inspired by experiments of Gran (1931Gran ( , 1932 on phytoplankton in temperate waters. These and subsequent studies in various regions (Harvey 1933, 1937a, b, Thompson & Bremner 1935, Menzel & Ryther 1961) may, in retrospect, not have been executed with the ultraclean techniques which are now considered necessary for trace metal studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On iron limitation of the Southern Ocean: experimental observations in the Weddell and Scotia Seas

Baar¹,

Buma²,

Nolting³

et al. 1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

339

196

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Shipboard studies were performed for testing the classical hypothesis that Antarctic phytoplankton suffers from a deficiency of Fe In a suite of 5 experiments over 8 to 12 d periods and encompassing different water masses (Weddell Sea water proper, Weddell-Scotia Confluence water, Scotia Sea water), and various plankton communities, biomass and dynamic spring/summer (ice) conditions, we always observed Fe to stimulate chlorophyll a synthesis and nutrient assimilation. In 3 out of 5 experiments there was an immediate response to added Fe, while in the other 2 expenments an effect was observed after 3 to 6 d. In 4 out of 5 experiments final particulate organic carbon (POC) levels were also higher in Fe-enriched cultures compared to controls. However the controls were also found to outgrow steadily typical chlorophyll a and POC levels found in ambient waters. This strongly suggests that the in situ Fe concentration in itself does not hamper build-up of high biomass levels. Extrapolation to the in situ ecosystem therefore suggests that, despite enhancement of phytoplankton growth, Fe is not the major factor controlling phytoplankton in the Weddell/Scotia Seas. Marginal sediments appear to supply adequate dissolved Fe for supporting at least minimum growth of phytoplankton. More remote sectors of the Southern Ocean might be more likely candidates for occasional limitation by Fe alone.

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“…Oxygen exchange experiments were initiated within 30 min of collection of sea water samples using the dark and light bottle method (Gran 1932). Duplicate samples were incubated for 4 hours in a water-cooled bath at 24 different levels of photon flux densities up to 1312 μπιοί m" 2 s" 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gonyaulax digitale Red Water Bloom in the Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada

Amadi¹,

Rao²,

Pan³

1992

Botanica Marina

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A red water bloom, dominated by the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax digitale (4.25 χ ΙΟ 5 cells L" 1 , 43% of total phytoplankton cell concentration) was recorded for the first time from the Canadian Atlantic coasts. The magnitude of this bloom (42 μg Chi a L" 1 ) was higher than that of the major spring bloom in these waters. The dinoflagellate in the bloom was succeeded by Skeletonema costatum and a naviculoid diatom. Photosynthetic rates of the red water population were low (OC B : 1.87 χ 10~3 to 5.02 χ 10~3^gC ^gChlu?)" 1 h" 1 (μπιοί m" 2 s"" 1 )], P*: < 3.5 [μ § C ^g Chi a)~* h" 1 ] for the dinoflagellate, initially dominant in the phytoplankton assemblage, compared to those of the diatom that replaced it in the later phase. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation rates (P£) and OC B of the phytoplankton assemblage were negatively correlated with the proportion of G. digitale.

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Phytoplankton. Methods and Problems

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Student's tutorial on bloom hypotheses in the context of phytoplankton annual cycles

Student's tutorial on bloom hypotheses in the context of phytoplankton annual cycles

On iron limitation of the Southern Ocean: experimental observations in the Weddell and Scotia Seas

A Gonyaulax digitale Red Water Bloom in the Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada

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