Phytoplankton driven distribution of dissolved and particulate lipids in a semi-enclosed temperate sea (Mediterranean): Spring to summer situation

Frka, Sanja; Gašparović, Blaženka; Marić, D; Godrijan, Jelena; Djakovac, Tamara; Vojvodić, Vjeročka; Dautović, Jelena; Kozarac, Zlatica

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.017

Cited by 21 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The low amounts of WE in our study indicated only a minor contribution of larger zooplankton known to synthesize WE in contrast to the small subtropical and tropical species which do not store lipids (Kattner and Hagen, 2009). In addition to the influence of nutrient availability on the phytoplankton composition, nutrient depletion is also favorable to enhancing lipid synthesis (Shifrin and Chishilm, 1981;Smith et al, 1997;Frka et al, 2011). The higher ratios of lipids to Chl a (Fig.…”

Section: Ecological Drivers Of Lipid Synthesismentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Replacement of membrane phospholipids by non-phosphorus containing GL represents an effective phosphate-conserving mechanism in many organisms during phosphate limitation, including photosynthetic bacteria, algae and higher plants (e.g., Benning et al, 1995;Andersson et al, 2003). Enhanced synthesis and accumulation of glycolipids was found during nutrient depletion in a mesotrophic coastal sea (Frka et al, 2011;Gašparović et al, 2013). The high concentrations of glycolipids found in the surface and DCM layers, the increase of GL versus PG and the relation of GL with smaller cell sized phytoplankton were an indication of the oligotrophic conditions even in the DCM layer where light limitation may also affect the lipid production.…”

Section: Ecological Drivers Of Lipid Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The separation scheme involved subsequent elution steps in the solvent systems of increasing polarity (Frka et al, 2011) followed by a subsequent partial burn of Chromarods (for retention times refer to Table 1). HC, WE, ME, and KET were separated with hexane-diethyl ether-formic acid (97:3:0.2, v:v:v) for 28 min.…”

Section: Lipid Class Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing particulate lipid production in the East Atlantic Ocean

Gašparović

Frka

Koch

et al. 2014

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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a b s t r a c tExtensive analyses of particulate lipids and lipid classes were conducted to gain insight into lipid production and related factors along the biogeochemical provinces of the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Data are supported by particulate organic carbon (POC), chlorophyll a (Chl a), phaeopigments, Chl a concentrations and carbon content of eukaryotic micro-, nano-and picophytoplankton, including cell abundances for the latter two and for cyanobacteria and prokaryotic heterotrophs. We focused on the productive ocean surface (2 m depth and deep Chl a maximum (DCM)). Samples from the deep ocean provided information about the relative reactivity and preservation potential of particular lipid classes. ) where an increased contribution to the POC pool was observed. The highest lipid concentrations were measured in high latitude temperate waters and in the North Atlantic Tropical Gyral Province (13-251N). Factors responsible for the enhanced lipid synthesis in the eastern Atlantic appeared to be phytoplankton size (micro, nano, pico) and the low nutrient status with microphytoplankton having the most expressed influence in the surface and eukaryotic nano-and picophytoplankton in the DCM layer. Higher lipid to Chl a ratios suggest enhanced lipid biosynthesis in the nutrient poorer regions. The various lipid classes pointed to possible mechanisms of phytoplankton adaptation to the nutritional conditions. Thus, it is likely that adaptation comprises the replacement of membrane phospholipids by non-phosphorus containing glycolipids under low phosphorus conditions. The qualitative and quantitative lipid compositions revealed that phospholipids were the most degradable lipids, and their occurrence decreased with increasing depth. In contrast, wax esters, possibly originating from zooplankton, survived downward transport probably due to the fast sinking rate of particles (fecal pellets). The important contribution of glycolipids in deep waters reflected their relatively stable nature and degradation resistance. A lipid-based proxy for the lipid degradative state (Lipolysis Index) suggests that many lipid classes were quite resistant to degradation even in the deep ocean.

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Section: Ecological Drivers Of Lipid Synthesismentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Ecological Drivers Of Lipid Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing particulate lipid production in the East Atlantic Ocean

Gašparović

Frka

Koch

et al. 2014

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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“…data); therefore, probably most of the non-phospholipids were synthesized by nano-and microphytoplankton. It was observed that in the Adriatic Sea synthesis and accumulation of non-P glycolipids are enhanced during PO 4 exhaustion (Frka et al 2011). The preferential synthesis of non-phospholipids did not stop in October, indicating that the system was still P stressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Survival mechanisms of phytoplankton in conditions of stratification‐induced deprivation of orthophosphate: Northern Adriatic case study

Ivancčić

Godrijan

Pfannkuchen

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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Phytoplankton abundance in the northern Adriatic during the summer 2008 indicated that the system was highly productive, in spite of low orthophosphate (PO4) concentrations. Mechanisms by which phytoplankton adapted to PO4 deprivation during the summer stratification were studied. In upper, more productive waters, phytoplankton induced high alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) to obtain phosphorus (P) from the dissolved organic pool, and the P turnover time mediated by phytoplankton APA was very short (2 min to 1.5 h). High‐affinity enzymatic activity combined with high hydrolysis rates enabled metabolic flexibility to the phytoplankton in this heterogeneous and fluctuating environment. Another possible mechanism of adaptation to the PO4 deficit during the summer was a shift toward smaller cells. The smaller nanophytoplankton, supported by higher surface : volume ratios, were presumably able to produce more alkaline phosphatase, an exoenzyme bound to the cell surface. Progressive decrease of large cells and increase of smaller cells in the phytoplankton community during summer supported this hypothesis. In upper waters with low PO4 concentrations, phytoplankton reduced their P demand by a preferential synthesis of non‐phospholipids. In bottom waters, phytoplankton abundance was markedly lower than in upper waters and growth was probably light limited. In these deeper waters with higher PO4 concentrations, phytoplankton cells did not use APA to obtain P and were able to synthesize more phospholipids. In deeper waters, growth of bigger cells was favored.

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“…Phytoplankton overcomes this condition via utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus by alkaline phosphatase activity in summer (Ivančić et al, 2009). In addition, Frka et al (2011) report the enhanced synthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols during summer. These non phosphorus membrane lipids could help sustain the increase in biomass during phosphate limited conditions.…”

Section: Phytoplankton Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the coastal waters of the north-eastern Adriatic Sea

Godrijan

Marić

Tomažić

et al. 2013

Journal of Sea Research

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This study describes the dynamics of phytoplankton in relation to environmental factors in coastal waters of the north-eastern Adriatic Sea. The distant Po River"s influence is rarely noted on the eastern coastal part of the northern Adriatic, but it does trigger the crucial alternations in the community, e.g. mass development of diatoms in July 2009. A highly variable ecosystem, like the northern Adriatic, sustains high species diversity. Even though quite a few species were present for more than several months, we identified the seminal species of the seasonal succession. During spring Prorocentrum micans, Leptocylindrus minimus, Chaetoceros throndsenii, Ceratium furca and C. fusus were most characteristic. These species thrive in low salinity and mixed waters. Typical summer diatom species were Chaetoceros vixvisibilis, Proboscia alata, whileRhabdosphaera clavigera and Syracosphaera pulchra were identified as distinctive summer coccolithophorids. All the summer species preferred warmer waters with low nitrate and low silica content. The autumn community was characterised by species such as Calciosolenia murrayi, Chaetoceros socialis, Asterionellopsis glacialis, Lioloma pacificum. These species related to high nutrient conditions, but also to low Po River influence. In winter a prevalence of large diatoms Thalassiosira rotula, Neocalyptrella robusta and Pseudosolenia calcar-avis was recorded. The winter assemblage was characterised by species of cold water preference able to grow in well mixed conditions.

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Phytoplankton driven distribution of dissolved and particulate lipids in a semi-enclosed temperate sea (Mediterranean): Spring to summer situation

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Factors influencing particulate lipid production in the East Atlantic Ocean

Factors influencing particulate lipid production in the East Atlantic Ocean

Survival mechanisms of phytoplankton in conditions of stratification‐induced deprivation of orthophosphate: Northern Adriatic case study

Seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the coastal waters of the north-eastern Adriatic Sea

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