Phytoplankton community structure and stocks in the Southern Ocean (30–80°E) determined by CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC pigment signatures

Wright, Simon W.; Enden, Rick L. van den; Pearce, Imojen; Davidson, Andrew T.; Scott, Fiona J.; Westwood, Karen J.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.06.015

Cited by 207 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The meltwater stabilises the water column, shallowing the mixed layer depth (MLD) and entraining cells in a high light, high nutrient environment. The simultaneous release of microalgae (some active and some dormant) into the water column, are said to seed blooms in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) (Mangoni et al, 2009), however, a large proportion of the population sediments rapidly from the photic zone Wright et al, 2010). At its maximum extent in December, the MIZ covers ∼6 million km 2 , or approximately 39% of the SSIZ (Fitch and Moore, 2007).…”

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can extend over thousands of kilometres and can increase the phytoplankton biomass more than two orders of magnitude during November and December, before declining again in January Smith and Lancelot, 2004;Moore and Abbott, 2000;Fitch and Moore, 2007). This seasonal cycle is driven by the physical changes associated with ice retreat and its amplitude increases southward, with maximum biomass and productivity in coastal and shelf areas (Smith and Nelson, 1985;Arrigo and van Dijken, 2003,b;Arrigo et al, 2008a,b;Westwood et al, 2010;Wright et al, 2010). The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has chlorophyll concentrations that can reach up to 50 g L −1 in waters off Palmer Station (Tortell et al, 2014;Kranz et al, 2015;Young et al, 2015;PALTER database), while in East Antarctic waters maximum chlorophyll concentrations are commonly more than an order of magnitude less Wright et al, 2010).…”

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This seasonal cycle is driven by the physical changes associated with ice retreat and its amplitude increases southward, with maximum biomass and productivity in coastal and shelf areas (Smith and Nelson, 1985;Arrigo and van Dijken, 2003,b;Arrigo et al, 2008a,b;Westwood et al, 2010;Wright et al, 2010). The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has chlorophyll concentrations that can reach up to 50 g L −1 in waters off Palmer Station (Tortell et al, 2014;Kranz et al, 2015;Young et al, 2015;PALTER database), while in East Antarctic waters maximum chlorophyll concentrations are commonly more than an order of magnitude less Wright et al, 2010). However, while the magnitude of the blooms may differ, the successional sequence of the phytoplankton in East and West Antarctic waters appear to be similar (e.g.…”

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, while the magnitude of the blooms may differ, the successional sequence of the phytoplankton in East and West Antarctic waters appear to be similar (e.g. Wright and van den Enden, 2000;Garibotti et al, 2003a,b;Wright et al, 2010).…”

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wright et al, 2010;Wolf et al, 2013). The succession of environmental changes imposed on phytoplankton by recession of the sea ice in the SSIZ generates a predictable sequence of events from bloom formation, growth and production, to grazing, senescence and flux, and a predictable succession of phytoplankton functional assemblages and even taxa (e.g.…”

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

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104

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

Self Cite

104

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The relation of mixed‐layer net community production to phytoplankton community composition in the Southern Ocean

Cassar

Wright

Thomson

et al. 2015

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Surface ocean productivity mediates the transfer of carbon to the deep ocean and in the process regulates atmospheric CO 2 levels. A common axiom in oceanography is that large phytoplankton contribute disproportionally to the transfer of carbon to the deep ocean because of their greater ability to escape grazing pressure, build biomass, and sink. In the present study, we assessed the relationship of net community production to phytoplankton assemblages and plankton size distribution in the Sub-Antarctic Zone and northern reaches of the Polar Frontal Zone in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean. We reanalyzed and synthesized previously published estimates of O 2 /Ar net community oxygen production (NCP) and triple-O 2 isotopes gross primary oxygen production (GPP) along with microscopic and pigment analyses of the microbial community. Overall, we found that the axiom that large phytoplankton drive carbon export was not supported in this region. Mixed-layer-depth-integrated NCP was correlated to particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration in the mixed layer. While lower NCP/GPP and NCP/POC values were generally associated with communities dominated by smaller plankton size (as would be expected), these communities did not preclude high values for both properties. Vigorous NCP in some regions occurred in the virtual absence of large phytoplankton (and specifically diatoms) and in communities dominated by nanoplankton and picoplankton. We also observed a positive correlation between NCP and the proportion of the phytoplankton community grazed by microheterotrophs, supporting the mediating role of grazers in carbon export. The novel combination of techniques allowed us to determine how NCP relates to upper ocean ecosystem characteristics and may lead to improved models of carbon export.

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Carbon cycling dynamics in the seasonal sea-ice zone of East Antarctica

Roden

Tilbrook

Trull

et al. 2016

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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The carbon cycle of the seasonally ice covered region of the southwest Indian Ocean sector of East Antarctica (30°–80°E, 60°–69°S) was investigated during austral summer (January–March 2006). Large variability in the drivers and timing of carbon cycling dynamics were observed and indicated that the study site was a weak net source of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere of 0.8 ± 1.6 g C m−2 during the ice‐free period, with narrow bands of CO2 uptake observed near the continental margin and north of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front. Continuous surface measurements of dissolved oxygen and the fugacity of CO2 were combined with net community production estimates from oxygen/argon ratios to show that surface heat gain and photosynthesis were responsible for the majority of observed surface water variability. On seasonal timescales, winter sea‐ice cover reduced the flux of CO2 to the atmosphere in the study area, followed by biologically driven drawdown of CO2 as the ice retreated in spring‐summer highlighting the important role that sea‐ice formation and retreat has on the biogeochemical cycling of the region.

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Phytoplankton community structure and stocks in the Southern Ocean (30–80°E) determined by CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC pigment signatures

Cited by 207 publications

References 68 publications

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

The relation of mixed‐layer net community production to phytoplankton community composition in the Southern Ocean

Carbon cycling dynamics in the seasonal sea-ice zone of East Antarctica

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