Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics in Incubated Natural Seawater: Predicting Bloom Magnitude and Timing

Ok, Jin Hee; Jeong, Hae Jin; You, Ji Hyun; Kang, Hee Chang; Park, Sang Ah; Lim, An Suk; Lee, Sung Yeon; Eom, Se Hee

doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.681252

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…The NO 3 concentrations in the surface waters at nearshore stations located 30 km away from the mouth of the Seomjin River during the dry season are usually 1-3 µM, but those after heavy rains reach 40 µM (Ok et al 2021). The depths at the stations are 6-7 m (Kim et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intrusion and retreat of deep cold waters on the causative species of red tides offshore in the South Sea of Korea

Jeong²,

Lim³

et al. 2022

Mar Biol

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The key nutrient sources for red-tide species are freshwater and deep cold waters. However, a lack of data on their growth rates at different depths limits our understanding of the effects of deep cold waters on red-tide formation. Offshore water was collected from 0, 20, and 40 m in the South Sea of Korea and the growth rates of major red-tide species were measured after their addition to these waters. The growth rates of Margale dinium polykrikoides in the waters from 0, 20, and 40 m (0.25, 0.25, and 0.21 d -1 ) were similar. The growth rates of Prorocentrum donghaiense, Tripos furca, and Alexandrium fraterculus in the water from 20 m (0.30, 0.37, and 0.42 d -1 ) were similar to those from 40 m but higher than those from 0 m (0.16, 0.04, and 0.21 d -1 ). The ability of P. donghaiense, T. furca, and A. fraterculus to reach deep waters is therefore a critical factor affecting red-tide formation. Considering their vertical migration depths and growth rates at different depths, P. donghaiense, T. furca, or A. fraterculus can dominate when deep waters are intruded to 10 m, while A. fraterculus or M. polykrikoides can dominate when deep waters retreat to 20 m. Only M. polykrikoides can dominate when deep waters retreat to 30 m. These scenarios are supported by the results recorded in the red-tide events of 2014. Red-tide species can thus be predicted using data on their growth rates at different depths, their vertical migration depths, and the position of deep cold waters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intrusion and retreat of deep cold waters on the causative species of red tides offshore in the South Sea of Korea

Jeong²,

Lim³

et al. 2022

Mar Biol

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“…Thus, mixotrophy is a major trophic mode of dinoflagellates (Stoecker 1999, Jeong et al 2010b). Many mixotrophic dinoflagellates have caused red tides or harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the global ocean (López-Cortés et al 2019, Ok et al 2021c, Sakamoto et al 2021, Yñiguez et al 2021, and feeding on diverse prey species by some mixotrophic dinoflagellates has possibly resulted in their global dominance (Jeong et al 2021). Therefore, to better understand the ecological roles of dinoflagellates and predict their red tides or HABs, it is necessary to determine whether they are mixotrophic.…”

Section: Experimental Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of mixotrophy in three Karenia species and the prey spectrum of Karenia mikimotoi (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)

Ok¹,

Jeong²,

Lim³

et al. 2023

Algae

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Exploring mixotrophy of dinoflagellate species is critical to understanding red-tide dynamics and dinoflagellate evolution. Some species in the dinoflagellate genus Karenia have caused harmful algal blooms. Among 10 Karenia species, the mixotrophic ability of only two species, Karenia mikimotoi and Karenia brevis, has been investigated. These species have been revealed to be mixotrophic; however, the mixotrophy of the other species should be explored. Moreover, although K. mikimotoi was previously known to be mixotrophic, only a few potential prey species have been tested. We explored the mixotrophic ability of Karenia bicuneiformis, Karenia papilionacea, and Karenia selliformis and the prey spectrum of K. mikimotoi by incubating them with 16 potential prey species, including a cyanobacterium, diatom, prymnesiophyte, prasinophyte, raphidophyte, cryptophytes, and dinoflagellates. Cells of K. bicuneiformis, K. papilionacea, and K. selliformis did not feed on any tested potential prey species, indicating a lack of mixotrophy. The present study newly discovered that K. mikimotoi was able to feed on the common cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia. The phylogenetic tree based on the large subunit ribosomal DNA showed that the mixotrophic species K. mikimotoi and K. brevis belonged to the same clade, but K. bicuneiformis, K. papilionacea, and K. selliformis were divided into different clades. Therefore, the presence or lack of a mixotrophic ability in this genus may be partially related to genetic characterizations. The results of this study suggest that Karenia species are not all mixotrophic, varying from the results of previous studies.

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“…. Besides, salt concentration and pH, microalgae responses varied when exposed to any hazardous environmental change, for example lipid composition is changed to maintain the membrane fluidity of the cell [20].…”

Section: Halotolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Industrial Wastewater for Chlorella sp. Culturing to obtain Commercially Important Compounds

Afzal,

Bukhari,

Rehman

2023

TSFJB

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In the present study, Chlorella sp. was grown in volume-graded industrial wastewater and showed increased growth in 10% and 30% of wastewater but the maximum growth was shown in 100% industrial wastewater. Among nitrogen sources, maximum growth was observed in urea (6.80×105 cells/ml) while the least was determined in NH4Cl (1.40×105 cells/ml). The maximum no. of algal cells (2.50×105) was determined in 0% NaCl while the minimum cells were determined in 2% NaCl (0.002×105). The optimum algal growth was determined at pH 7 (7.0×105 cells/ml) but at pH 9 the alga showed significant growth (5.9×105 cells/ml). The alga showed resistance towards erythromycin and chloramphenicol but was sensitive against ampicillin and gentamicin. Alga showed high growth in the presence of Cd and Pb (5µg) while less growth was determined in the presence of Hg, Cu, and Cr (5µg). Different compounds including cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyle-, cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyle-, cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyle-, cycloheptasiloxane, tetradecamethyle- and benzeneethaneamine were isolated and analyzed by GC-MS analysis.. Siloxanes have great significance in industrial products, especially in cosmetics and textile industries. Besides biofuel production alga has great potential to be used for various industrial products.

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Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics in Incubated Natural Seawater: Predicting Bloom Magnitude and Timing

Cited by 14 publications

References 115 publications

Effects of intrusion and retreat of deep cold waters on the causative species of red tides offshore in the South Sea of Korea

Effects of intrusion and retreat of deep cold waters on the causative species of red tides offshore in the South Sea of Korea

Lack of mixotrophy in three Karenia species and the prey spectrum of Karenia mikimotoi (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)

Use of Industrial Wastewater for Chlorella sp. Culturing to obtain Commercially Important Compounds

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