Phytophthora kernoviae isolated from fallen leaves of Drymis winteri in native forest of southern Chile

Sanfuentes, Eugenio; Fajardo, Sebastian; Sabag, M.; Hansen, E. M.; González, Mariela A.

doi:10.1007/s13314-016-0205-6

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Recently, Sanfuentes et al. () reported the recovery of P. kernoviae from a necrotic fallen leaf of D. winteri and from a soil sample in a Valdivian rainforest close to the Reserva Costera Valdiviana and demonstrated pathogenicity of the isolates to leaves of D. winteri . A detailed survey and a comparative pathogenicity test are needed to clarify the distribution and the relative importance of P. chilensis nom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from studies of root and collar rot and mortality of Austrocedrus chilensis by P. austrocedri in Patagonia (Greslebin et al., ) and of planted Araucaria angustifolia by P. cinnamomi in the Atlantic rainforests of Brazil (Dos Santos, Tessmann, Alves, Vida, & Harakava, ), and the recent findings of the airborne pathogens P. kernoviae and P. pseudosyringae causing leaf necrosis of Drimys winteri in a Valdivian rainforest and bark cankers in a deciduous Nothofagus forest, respectively, in Chile (Sanfuentes, Fajardo, Sabag, Hansen, & González, ; Fajardo, Valenzuela, Dos Santos, & Sanfuentes, ), South America is largely a black box regarding Phytophthora diversity and diseases in natural ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Phytophthora species in Valdivian rainforests and association with severe dieback symptoms

Jung

Durán²,

Sanfuentes

et al. 2018

Forest Pathology

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The Valdivian rainforest, one of the global hotspots of biodiversity, is a temperate rainforest originating as a Tertiary relic from the supercontinent Gondwana. In November 2014, a survey of Phytophthora diversity was performed in 13 natural forest stands and 20 forest streams and rivers in two protected areas near Valdivia and in a temperate montane forest in the Concepción area. One planted stand each of the introduced tree species Castanea sativa and Fagus sylvatica were also included. Using baiting assays, eight described species and four previously unknown taxa of Phytophthora were isolated from 86% of the 50 rhizosphere soil samples from seven of the eight tree species sampled in 12 forest stands, and from 20 streams: P. chlamydospora, P. cinnamomi, P. kernoviae, P. lacustris, P. plurivora, P. pseudosyringae, P. ×cambivora, P. ×stagnum, P. valdiviana nom. prov. from Clade 2b, P. madida nom. prov. from Clade 8a, and P. chilensis nom. prov. and P. pseudokernoviae nom. prov. The latter two species are the closest relatives of P. kernoviae from Clade 10. Phytophthora pseudokernoviae nom. prov. was also isolated from necrotic leaves of Drimys winteri. From the Valdivia river, a swarm of three Clade 6 hybrids was recovered. Each hybrid isolate resulted from multiple reticulation events with P. thermophila as maternal and both P. amnicola and P. chlamydospora as paternal parents. In addition, three previously unknown and recently described Nothophytophthora species, N. caduca, N. chlamydospora and N. valdiviana, were isolated from several forest streams. Phytophthora cinnamomi, the most common and widespread species in soils of native forests, was associated with severe dieback of Valdivian rainforest trees, in particular D. winteri, Luma apiculata, Nothofagus dombeyi and the endangered Saxegothaea conspicua. A first pathogenicity test demonstrated high aggressiveness of P. cinnamomi to several native tree species, including N. dombeyi, Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii and Gevuina avellana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Phytophthora species in Valdivian rainforests and association with severe dieback symptoms

Jung

Durán²,

Sanfuentes

et al. 2018

Forest Pathology

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“…The absence of symptoms on native host plants, and the long history of its presence, previously led to speculation that New Zealand may be the centre of origin for P. kernoviae. Phytophthora kernoviae has been isolated from Drimys winteri (winter's bark or canelo) in native forests in Chile (Sanfuentes et al, 2016). Unlike the situation in New Zealand, P. kernoviae has not been detected in P. radiata plantations in Chile, in places in which severe attacks of P. pinifolia normally occur (E. Sanfuentes, personal information).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytophthora kernoviae has been isolated from Drimys winteri (winter’s bark or canelo) in native forests in Chile (Sanfuentes et al , ). Unlike the situation in New Zealand, P. kernoviae has not been detected in P. radiata plantations in Chile, in places in which severe attacks of P. pinifolia normally occur (E. Sanfuentes, personal information).…”

Section: Isolates Used In This Study and Summary Statistics For Genommentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing of oomycete isolates from Chile supports the New Zealand origin of Phytophthora kernoviae and makes available the first Nothophytophthora sp. genome

Studholme

Panda

Sanfuentes

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary Genome sequences were generated for six oomycete isolates collected from forests in Valdivia, Chile. Three of the isolates were identified morphologically as Phytophthora kernoviae , whereas two were similar to other clade 10 Phytophthora species. One isolate was tentatively identified as Nothophytophthora valdiviana based on nucleotide sequence similarity in the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene. This is the first genome sequence for this recently described genus. The genome assembly was more fragmented and contained many duplicated genes when compared with the other Phytophthora sequences. Comparative analyses were performed with genomic sequences of the P. kernoviae isolates from the UK and New Zealand. Although the potential New Zealand origin of P. kernoviae has been suggested, new isolations from Chile had cast doubt on this hypothesis. We present evidence supporting P. kernoviae as having originated in New Zealand. However, investigation of the diversity of oomycete species in Chile has been limited and warrants further exploration. We demonstrate the expediency of genomic analyses in determining phylogenetic relationships between isolates within new and often scantly represented taxonomic groups, such as Phytophthora clade 10 and Nothophytophthora . Data are available on GenBank via BioProject accession number PRJNA352331.

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“…The evolutionary history of this species includes a series of hybridization events resulting in a new species with previously unprecedented pathogenicity to alder trees [78,79]. It was first recognized in England [80], but with awareness came reports from rivers throughout Europe, and through the nursery trade again, it has been spread into forest stands away from riparian areas [81].…”

Section: Other Emerging Phytophthorasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora Species Emerging as Pathogens of Forest Trees

Hansen

2015

Curr Forestry Rep

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Phytophthora kernoviae isolated from fallen leaves of Drymis winteri in native forest of southern Chile

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Diversity of Phytophthora species in Valdivian rainforests and association with severe dieback symptoms

Diversity of Phytophthora species in Valdivian rainforests and association with severe dieback symptoms

Genome sequencing of oomycete isolates from Chile supports the New Zealand origin of Phytophthora kernoviae and makes available the first Nothophytophthora sp. genome

Phytophthora Species Emerging as Pathogens of Forest Trees

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