Phytophthora capsici on chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and its management through genetic and bio-control: a review

Abstract

Phytophthora capsici is the most destructive pathogen of vegetables that represents a serious threat to chilli pepper plants. We discussed the control of P. capsici through manipulation of genetic architecture of chilli plant and endophytic microorganisms. The function of various genes encoding transcriptional regulatory and defense related putative proteins such as pathogen-related protein (PR), anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), polygalacturonaseinhibiting proteins (PGIPs), lipid transfer protein (LTP), pectin methylesterase (PME), leucine-rich repeat proteins (LRRs), osmotin-like and thaumatin-like protein, in Capsicum was also analyzed. The bio-control of P. capsici by using various strains of Bacillus, Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium and Rhizobacteria was demonstrated. We also discussed the enhanced resistance to P. capsici infection by treatment with a variety of abiotic and biotic inducers that act on defence signalling pathways involved in disease resistance. We highlighted the vulnerability of chilli crop with reference to its genetic resources against Phytophthora blight. Disease control through chemicals is becoming problematic, so we proposed other ways to control the disease severity. This review highlights the economic significance of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) along with disease management strategies against P. capsici. This pathogen has posed a serious threat to chilli crop worldwide.

Extracellular self‐DNA plays a role as a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) delaying zoospore germination rate and inducing stress‐related responses in Phytophthora capsici

“…Phytophthora species belong to the Oomycetes class and represent a wide group of hemibiotrophic pathogens that cause great economic losses in a wide range of agricultural and forestry crops worldwide (Roy & Grünwald, 2014; Woodward et al, 2005). Phytophthora capsici , a member of this genus of plant pathogens, causes wilting and rotting of crown and root in chilli pepper ( Capsicum annuum ), and also infects tomato, cucurbits, cocoa and eggplant, among other crops of agronomic interest (Fernández‐Herrera et al, 2007; Majid et al, 2016).…”

Identification of the Pathogen Causing Stem Blight Disease on Chili in Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas, Cianjur, West Java Based on Morphological and Molecular Analyses

“…Penyakit dapat menyerang pada seluruh fase pertumbuhan dan jaringan tanaman, seperti akar, batang, daun, bunga, dan buah. Patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit pada tanaman cabai dapat berupa virus, bakteri, cendawan, nematoda, dan oomycetes (Majid et al 2016).…”

Degradation of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and functionality accompanied by the aggravation of pepper Phytophthora blight in a facility shed in Southwest China

“…The pathogen can infect every part of the pepper plant, causing damping‐off in seedlings and stunted growth, wilting or death in older plants (Lamour et al, 2012). Although measures such as resistant cultivars, soil solarization, germicides, agronomic practices and recently emerging biocontrol strategies have been used to cope with the disease (Hu et al, 2020; Majid et al, 2016; Wan & Liew, 2020), there is no guarantee to consistently control the disease so far. Soil is the infection court for such pathogens encounter plants and establish parasitic relationships, as well as the battle field for antagonistic populations interact with pathogens, thereby influence the outcomes of pathogen infection (Li et al, 2019; Raaijmakers et al, 2009).…”