Phytophthora × cambivora as a Major Factor Inciting the Decline of European Beech in a Stand within the Southernmost Limit of Its Natural Range in Europe

Riolo, Mario; Aloi, Francesco; Taguali, Sebastiano Conti; Pane, A.; Franco, Massimo; Cacciola, S. O.

doi:10.3390/jof8090973

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

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“…or Phytophthora sp.) have been aggravating factors of the decline [23,24]. Some ecological interactions between forest tree species and various communities of fungi and insects are influenced by the timing of leaf-out phenology [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Differences in Bud Burst and Senescence between Low- and High-Altitude European Beech Populations along an Altitudinal Transect in the South-Eastern Carpathians

Ciocîrlan,

Chira

et al. 2024

Forests

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Phenology is considered an indicator of environmental changes, with direct implications in the length of the growing season; therefore, it offers essential information for a better understanding of the tree–environment relationships that could lead to the right decisions for forests’ sustainable use and conservation. A better understanding of how European beech (Fagus sylvatica) phenology responds to predicted climate change effects is important for forest management. This study aimed to assess bud burst and senescence among and within beech populations located along a steep elevational gradient. Phenological observations were carried out on 150 beech individuals along an altitudinal transect in the south-eastern Carpathian Mountains, from 550 to 1450 m, in five study sites in two consecutive years. The start of the bud burst, of senescence, and the duration of the growing season varied inversely proportionally to the elevational gradient in both monitored years. Individuals located at the highest altitude need 28 more days to start the growing season than those at the lowest altitude. There is an average difference of 14 days at the start of the growing season in the same beech populations between the two consecutive years. The first stage of senescence (yellowing of leaves) lasted longer in 2021 (21–32 days) than in 2022 (18–25 days), with a difference of 16%–28%, proportional to the increase in altitude. The association of field phenological data with meteorological data indicates that the start of the growing season occurs when the thermal threshold of 10 °C is exceeded, with an accumulation of a least 60 GDD (growing degree days) with a threshold of 0 °C in the last 7 days as a complementary condition. The appearance of the first stage of senescence, the yellowing of the leaves, was also influenced by the temperature and the accumulation of at least 72 SDD (senescence degree days) with a threshold of 0 °C in the last 7 days. Our results confirm that the temperature is the triggering meteorological factor for the onset of bud burst and leaf senescence in European beech.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Differences in Bud Burst and Senescence between Low- and High-Altitude European Beech Populations along an Altitudinal Transect in the South-Eastern Carpathians

Ciocîrlan,

Chira

et al. 2024

Forests

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Incidence and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in Slovakia

et al. 2023

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The common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is the main forest-forming species in Slovakia and its share accounts for over 31% of the total forest area in this country. Recently, there are more and more reports of the deterioration of the health of this species in Europe, incl. as a result of the action of pathogens of the genus Phytophthora. The aim of this study is to confirm the presence of pathogens of the genus Phytophthora in beech forests in Slovakia. Ten plots in central and western Slovakia were selected for the study. The presence of: P. x cambivora, P. cactorum, P. plurivora, Globisporangium macrosporum, and G. heterothallicum was confirmed in the samples taken. A pathogenicity test was performed to confirm Koch’s postulates. After three months, the plants were gently taken out, and then: the pathogen was reisolated from the roots to confirm its presence in the tissues, the root systems were scanned and the image was analyzed with WinRhizo software, and finally the roots were dried to obtaining dry biomass. Additionally, during the course of the experiment, the degree of infection of the plants was assessed weekly in order to calculate the area under the disease-progress curve. The conducted research showed the greatest threat from P. x cambivora. In this variant, the symptoms of plant dieback were observed the fastest, as well as the pathogen, compared to the control variant, significantly damaged the root systems.

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Leaf volatile organic compounds profiles from two citrus genotypes differing in susceptibility to Phytophthora citrophthora infection

Maserti,

Michelozzi,

Cencetti

et al. 2024

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

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Phytophthora × cambivora as a Major Factor Inciting the Decline of European Beech in a Stand within the Southernmost Limit of Its Natural Range in Europe

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Large Differences in Bud Burst and Senescence between Low- and High-Altitude European Beech Populations along an Altitudinal Transect in the South-Eastern Carpathians

Large Differences in Bud Burst and Senescence between Low- and High-Altitude European Beech Populations along an Altitudinal Transect in the South-Eastern Carpathians

Incidence and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in Slovakia

Leaf volatile organic compounds profiles from two citrus genotypes differing in susceptibility to Phytophthora citrophthora infection

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