Phytophthora boodjera sp. nov., a damping-off pathogen in production nurseries and from urban and natural landscapes, with an update on the status of P. alticola

Simamora, Agnes V.; Stukely, M.; Hardy, G.; Burgess, Treena I.

doi:10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.04

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A similar life-style was also suggested for the potentially native P. arenaria and P. constricta in Western Australia (Rea et al 2011). In addition, the four new species may act as damping-off pathogens affecting seedling recruitment, as reported previously for other Phytophthora species (Cohen & Coffey 1986, Simamora et al 2015). This is particularly plausible for P. tyrrhenica considering the high susceptibility of germinating Q. ilex acorns to Phytophthora , due to the poor suberisation and lignification of tissues and restricted allocation of defence compounds (Herms & Mattson, 1992, Martín-García et al 2015, B. Scanu & G. Hardy, unpubl.).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and Portugal

Jung

Cacciola

et al. 2017

IMA Fungus

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During surveys of Phytophthora diversity in natural and semi-natural Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and Portugal, four new cryptic species were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples. Multigene phylogeny based on nuclear ITS, ß-tubulin and HSP90 and mitochondrial cox1 and NADH1 gene sequences demonstrated that two species, P. tyrrhenica and P. vulcanica spp. nov., belong to phylogenetic Clade 7a, while the other two species, P. castanetorum and P. tubulina spp. nov., clustered together with P. quercina forming a new clade, named here as Clade 12. All four new species are homothallic and have low optimum and maximum temperatures for growth and very slow growth rates at their respective optimum temperature. They differed from each other and from related species by a unique combination of morphological characters, cardinal temperatures, and growth rates. Pathogenicity of all Phytophthora species to the root system of their respective host species was demonstrated in soil infestation trials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and Portugal

Jung

Cacciola

et al. 2017

IMA Fungus

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“…A subsequent molecular re-evaluation of these isolates identified numerous new Phytophthora species ). In combination with subsequent sampling of waterways within native ecosystems (Hüberli et al 2013), 27 taxa have now been identified, including seven known species, 14 species described as a result of these studies (Scott et al 2009;Rea et al 2010Rea et al , 2011Crous et al 2011Crous et al , 2012Crous et al , 2014Jung et al2011;Aghighi et al 2012;Simamora et al 2015;Safaiefarahani et al 2015) and six taxa awaiting description. Most of these newly described species were known only from WA, with only P. multivora known to have a global distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

Burgess

White

McDougall

et al. 2017

Pac. Conserv. Biol.

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The introduction and subsequent impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi within native vegetation is one of the major conservation issues for biodiversity in Australia. Recently, many new Phytophthora species have been described from Australia's native ecosystems; however, their distribution, origin, and potential impact remain unknown. Historical bias in Phytophthora detection has been towards sites showing symptoms of disease, and traditional isolation methods show variable effectiveness of detecting different Phytophthora species. However, we now have at our disposal new techniques based on the sampling of environmental DNA and metabarcoding through the use of highthroughput sequencing. Here, we report on the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora in Australia using metabarcoding of 640 soil samples and we compare the diversity detected using this technique with that available in curated databases. Phytophthora was detected in 65% of sites, and phylogenetic analysis revealed 68 distinct Phytophthora phylotypes. Of these, 21 were identified as potentially unique taxa and 25 were new detections in natural areas and/or new introductions to Australia. There are 66 Phytophthora taxa listed in Australian databases, 43 of which were also detected in this metabarcoding study. This study revealed high Phytophthora richness within native vegetation and the additional records provide a valuable baseline resource for future studies. Many of the Phytophthora species now uncovered in Australia's native ecosystems are newly described and until more is known we need to be cautious with regard to the spread and conservation management of these new species in Australia's unique ecosystems.

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“…We selected five strains of Phytophthora representing different native species isolated from kwongan vegetation (Simamora et al 2013(Simamora et al , 2015: Phytophthora arenaria (CBS 127950) and four less common species isolated from kwongan vegetation during routine surveys, P. taxon cooljarloo (CLJO100), P. taxon kwongan (TCH009), P. aff. rosacearum (HSA2350) and Phytophthora rosacearum (HSA1658).…”

Section: P H Y T O P H T H O R a I N O C U L U M P R E P A R A T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native soilborne pathogens equalize differences in competitive ability between plants of contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies

et al. 2016

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Accepted ArticleThis article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Running headline: Soil-borne pathogens and plant diversity Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Summary1. Soil-borne pathogens can contribute to the maintenance of local plant diversity by reducing differences in competitive ability between co-occurring plant species. It has been hypothesised that efficient phosphorus (P) acquisition by plants in Pimpoverished ecosystems might trade-off against resistance to root pathogens. This could help explain high plant diversity in severely nutrient-impoverished ecosystems.However, empirical evidence of such a trade-off remains scarce.2. In hyperdiverse shrublands in south-western Australia, non-mycorrhizal cluster-rooted Proteaceae are very efficient at acquiring P. However, Proteaceae co-occur with many other plant species using other P-acquisition strategies, such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations.3. In a glasshouse experiment, we grew Proteaceae and ECM plant species from hyperdiverse shrublands alone and in competition with each other, and in the presence or absence of native soil-borne pathogens (Phytophthora spp.). We hypothesised that native Phytophthora species are more detrimental to Proteaceae than co-occurring ECM plants, due to a trade-off between highly efficient P acquisition and pathogen defence, and that this equalises differences in competitive ability between these two plant groups.4. When seedlings were grown alone, biomass of non-mycorrhizal plants was reduced in the presence of Phytopthora, while ECM species were unaffected by this pathogen.When non-mycorrhizal and ECM species were planted together, ECM plants grew better in the presence of Phytophthora than in its absence, because Phytophthora reduced the growth of the non-mycorrhizal competitors.5. Growth of ECM plants was positively correlated with percent root colonisation by ECM fungi, but this was only significant when ECM plants were grown in the presence of Phytophthora.Synthesis. Our study shows that native soil-borne pathogens equalised differences in competitive ability between seedlings of contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies, thus supporting the hypothesis proposing a trade-off between highly efficient P acquisition and resistance against root pathogens. We found that non-mycorrhizal cluster-rooted species may be the most efficient at acquiring the growth-limiting Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.resource, but that co-occurring ECM species are better defended against root pathogens. Our results suggest that native soil-borne pathogens and ECM contribute to the maintenance of the plant hyperdiversity in severely P-impoverished ecosystems.

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Phytophthora boodjera sp. nov., a damping-off pathogen in production nurseries and from urban and natural landscapes, with an update on the status of P. alticola

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and Portugal

Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and Portugal

Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

Native soilborne pathogens equalize differences in competitive ability between plants of contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies

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