Phytol-derived novel isoprenoid immunostimulants

Chowdhury, Roshni Roy

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00049

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Earlier reports indicated that phytol has anticonvulsant effect in pilocarpineinduced seizures in mice (Costa et al 2012). In addition to that, phytol derivatives have been found to act as immunostimulants by providing long-term memory induction and activating both innate and acquired immunity (Chowdhury & Ghosh 2012). The diterpene phytol has also been reported to possess antimicrobial potentials against Staphylococcus aureus and tuberculosis (Inoue et al 2005;Saikia et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective effect of the marine macroalgaGelidiella acerosa: identification of active compounds through bioactivity-guided fractionation

Syad

Shafreen

Shunmugaiah

et al. 2016

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmann & G. Hamel (Rhodophyta-Gelidiales) is a marine red macroalga. Our previous work found that a benzene extract of G. acerosa possesses noticeable neuroprotective activity, when evaluated through in vitro and in vivo systems. Objective Bioactive-guided fractionation and identification of active compounds by column chromatography using solvents of varying polarity. Materials and methods Fractionation was done by column chromatography, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity was assessed by DPPH and cholinesterase inhibition assays (50-200 mg/ml), compound identification was done by LC-MS analysis, the mode of interaction of active compound was analyzed through docking studies and quantification was done by highperformance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis.Results The results suggest that fractions F9-F13 exhibited significant (p50.05) antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. Hence, these fractions were pooled together and verified for neuroprotective activity. The pooled fraction was subjected to LC-MS analysis and among all the compounds, phytol was previously reported to possess excellent neuroprotective potential. Hence, the neuroprotective potential of phytol was assessed. The results suggest that phytol showed significant (p50.05) antioxidant activities (25-125 mg/ml) with an IC 50 value of 95.27 ± 1.65 mg/ml and cholinesterase inhibitory potential (5-25 mg/ml) with IC 50 values of 2.704 ± 0.07 and 5.798 ± 0.72 mg/ml for AChE and BuChE, respectively. Molecular docking studies suggest that phytol interacts with cholinesterase through the arginine residue of the enzyme. HPTLC quantification showed that about 6.266 mg of phytol was present per mg of pooled fraction. Conclusion The study suggests that phytol might act as the key compound in contributing to the neuroprotective potential of G. acerosa. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective effect of the marine macroalgaGelidiella acerosa: identification of active compounds through bioactivity-guided fractionation

Syad

Shafreen

Shunmugaiah

et al. 2016

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…Recent researches have revealed the biological activity of compounds derived from the isoprenoid/cholesterol synthesis pathway. These isoprenoids, including FOH, GOH, and phytol, regulate various biological processes [47][48][49]. The results indicated that not only GGOH, but other isoprenoid derivatives, can enhance testosterone and progesterone levels, although the mechanisms by which they exert these effects are yet to be clarified.…”

Section: Ggoh Stimulates Testosterone and Progesterone Production In mentioning

confidence: 97%

A novel function of geranylgeraniol in regulating testosterone production

Shirakawa

Giriwono

et al. 2018

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Isoprenoids play widely differing roles in various physiological processes in animals and plants. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is an isoprenoid found in plants, and is an important metabolic derivative in the isoprenoid/cholesterol synthesis pathway. Earlier studies focused on GGOH's ability to improve the side effects of bisphosphonate therapy by regulating the mevalonate pathway. More recently, the mevalonate pathway-independent effects of GGOH have been described, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and neuroprotective activities. It is noteworthy that GGOH regulates the steroidogenesis pathway in testis-derived I-10 tumor cells. Testosterone is a hormone produced via steroidogenesis in testicles and plays a role in fetal development and the male reproductive system. GGOH enhanced testosterone and progesterone (its precursor) levels in I-10 cells by activating adenylate cyclase via cAMP/PKA signaling, without altering phosphodiesterase activity. These findings highlight the potential benefits of GGOH as a therapeutic agent for low testosterone levels, such as late-onset hypogonadism in men.

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“…It is used in the manufacture of synthetic vitamins E and K 1. It has been reported to have antinociceptive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, immunostimulant, antimicrobial, antischistosoma, cancer preventive, sedative and anxiolytic effects [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. Hydroquinone occurs naturally in various medicinal plants [61,62], it has been reported to be allelochemic, antimicrobial, antihepatomic, antilithic, antimelanomic, antimelasmic, uroantiseptic , antimitotic, and antipertussive [63][64][65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Profile of Brachystegia eurycoma Leaves

Ududua

Monanu

Chuku

2019

AJRB

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Aim: This study investigated the proximate and phytochemical composition of Brachystegia eurycoma leaves. Methods: Crude ethanol extract of B. eurycoma leaves was obtained by cold extraction method. AOAC method was used for proximate analysis. Phytochemical profiling was done with qualitative phytochemical evaluation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical method. Matching and interpretation of the spectral was done with the National Institute standard and Technology (NIST05) library. Results: The proximate analysis result showed B. eurycoma leaves to be abundant in parameters evaluated in the order of 31.47±0.43% Carbohydrate > 15.15±0.04% Ash > 14.45±0.15 crude fibre > 13.83±0.32 protein > 13.14±0.22 moisture > 1.97±0.01 fat. Qualitative phytochemical analysis detected alkaloid, saponin, tannin, diterpenes, phenol, quinine, flavonoid, protein, xanthoprotein and cardiac glycoside in the leaves of B. eurycoma. GC/MS data showed that the prevailing volatile bioactive compounds in ethanol leaf extract of B. eurycoma were 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (13.23%), cis-9-Hexadecenal (10.40%), Desulphosinigrin (10.34%), Phytol (7.58%), Hydroquinone (7.23%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (6.61%), Oleoyl chloride (6.10%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (5.89%), Hexadecanoic acid, (2.97%), Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-(1.94%), Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) (1.92%). Conclusion: The result of this preliminary investigation reveals the potentials of B. eurycoma leaves as candidate for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutraceutical industries.

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Phytol-derived novel isoprenoid immunostimulants

Cited by 29 publications

References 102 publications

Neuroprotective effect of the marine macroalgaGelidiella acerosa: identification of active compounds through bioactivity-guided fractionation

Neuroprotective effect of the marine macroalgaGelidiella acerosa: identification of active compounds through bioactivity-guided fractionation

A novel function of geranylgeraniol in regulating testosterone production

Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Profile of Brachystegia eurycoma Leaves

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