In vivo studies were made of the effect of a single (1 mg) dose of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) on haemopoiesis in young female adult mice over a period of 20 days. The results show that PHA stimulates erythroid cells to divide but produces many nuclear abnormalities. It is suggested that these abnormalities may account for a poor reticulocyte response and the absence of any increase in the number of circulating erythrocytes. An attempt is made to correlate these results with the results of PHA treatment of patients with aplastic anaemias.