Phytoglycogen Nanoparticle Delivery System for Inorganic Selenium Reduces Cytotoxicity without Impairing Selenium Bioavailability

Abstract

Purpose Selenium is an essential trace element that supports animal health through the antioxidant defense system by protecting cells from oxidative-related damage. Using inorganic selenium species, such as sodium selenite (Na Sel), as a food supplement is cost-effective; however, its limitation as a nutritional supplement is its cytotoxicity. One strategy to mitigate this problem is by delivering inorganic selenium using a nanoparticle delivery system (SeNP). Methods Rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cells, bovine turbinate cells and bovine intestinal myofibroblasts were treated with soluble Na Sel or SeNPs. Two SeNP formulations were tested; SeNP-Ionic where inorganic selenium was ionically bound to cationic phytoglycogen (PhG) NPs, and SeNP-Covalent, where inorganic selenium was covalently bound to PhG NPs. Selenium-induced cytotoxicity along with selenium bioavailability were measured. Results SeNPs (SeNP-Ionic or SeNP-Covalent) substantially reduced cytotoxicity in all cell types examined compared to similar doses of soluble inorganic selenium. The SeNP formulations did not affect selenium bioavailability, as selenium-induced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and GPx1 transcript levels were similarly elevated whether cells were treated with soluble Na Sel or SeNPs. This was the case for all three cell types tested. Conclusion Nanoparticle-assisted inorganic selenium delivery, which demonstrated equal bioavailability without causing deleterious cytotoxic side effects, has potential applications for safely supplementing animal diets with inorganic selenium at what are usually toxic doses.

Construction of Selenium Nanoparticle-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Potential Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities as a Selenium Supplement

“…19 Selenium is an essential trace element for human health 20 and one of the important components of the antioxidant enzyme system. 21 It can effectively eliminate free radicals and plays an important role in inhibiting the generation of ROS. 22 There are many important endogenous selenium-containing antioxidants in the body.…”

Porous Se@SiO2 Nanoparticles Enhance Wound Healing by ROS-PI3K/Akt Pathway in Dermal Fibroblasts and Reduce Scar Formation

“…As one of the main ingredients in common antioxidant drugs, selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in the human body and a powerful antioxidant that works through glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) to scavenge free radicals and repair cell damage ( Schrauzer 2009 ; Hariharan and Dharmaraj 2020 ). Se is seldom applied in the clinic because of its narrow therapeutic window ( Clark et al, 1996 ; Alkie et al, 2020 ). In recent years, due to the development of nanomedical technology and drug delivery systems, Se particles have been modified for several generations, and finally porous Se@SiO 2 nanoparticles (Se@SiO 2 NPs) with excellent slow release capacity and biosafety were synthesized ( Liu et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2019 ).…”

In Vitro and in Vivo Characterization of Inosine Monophosphate Delivered by a Nanoparticle in Rainbow Trout

“…However, the downside of many of these NPs is their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in fish (Wise et al 2015;Ostaszewska et al 2018). While phytoglycogen-based NP technologies are still in their infancy, they have shown great promise in vitro due to their low cytotoxicity and lack of bioaccumulation (Alkie et al 2019(Alkie et al , 2020. The phytoglycogen NP used in the present study has a diameter of 70 nm and is monodisperse.…”

“…While phytoglycogen‐based NP technologies are still in their infancy, they have shown great promise in vitro due to their low cytotoxicity and lack of bioaccumulation (Alkie et al. 2019, 2020). The phytoglycogen NP used in the present study has a diameter of 70 nm and is monodisperse.…”