Phytogeography of Southern Hemisphere Lichens

Austral lichenology: 1690–2008

“…It was subsequently illustrated in colour in Hoffmann (1801) and Delise (1825). Forster described his only lichen, an epiphyte of Berberis ilicifolia, from Tierra del Fuego, which he named Lichen berberinus [= Pseudocyphellaria berberina], (Galloway & James 1977;Galloway 1991aGalloway , 1992aGalloway , 1998b. Southern Hemisphere lichens collected on the Resolution voyage are discussed in Nicolson & Fosberg (2004: 83-87 (Linnaeus 1771;Jørgensen et al 1994).…”

“…Pseudocyphellaria divulsa (Taylor) Imshaug, which is so characteristic of rainforest in Chiloé and valdivia (Fig. 12), was described from his large collections of it (Galloway 1991a(Galloway , 1992a, and Joseph Hooker used some of Darwin's lichens to illustrate his Flora Antarctica (Fig. 13).…”

“…Lichens from southern South America (Argentina and Chile) have a long history of collection and description (see Moore 1983;Galloway 1985bGalloway , 1991aGalloway , 1992aGalloway , 1993aGalloway , 1998aQuilhot 1995;Calvelo 1998;Calvelo & Fryday 2006). The Subantarctic subregion of South America comprises the austral Andes and numerous small islands of southern Argentina and Chile, and it has close biogeographical relationships with southern Australia, New Zealand, and the Southern Subpolar islands (Morrone 2000).…”

“…Species of the family Lobariaceae and especially of the genera Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta are conspicuous components of forest and alpine grassland biomes in southern South America (see Galloway & James 1977Galloway 1986Galloway , 1987Galloway ,1988bGalloway , 1991aGalloway , 1992aGalloway ,b, 1994aGalloway , 1995aGalloway ,b, 1996Galloway , 1998bBjerke et al 2003b;Bjerke & Elvebakk 2004a).…”

“…Although many lichen species are endemic to the region (McDonald 1986;Almborn 1987Almborn , 1988Galloway 1991a (Hale 1985b), andNamakwa Hale (Hale 1988), are now all included within Xanthoparmelia . Several revisions of South African lichen material discuss endemic taxa in a variety of genera including Arthothelium (Aptroot & wirth 2006), Bactrospora (Egea et al 1997);Caloplaca (Kärnefelt 1988a,b;Kärnefelt et al 2002b;wirth et al 2005), Hypotrachyna (Knox 1982), Lecanographa (Egea et al 1997), Lithothelium (Aptroot 1991), Parmeliella (Jørgensen 1998), Peltula (Büdel & Henssen 1986;Büdel 1987a,b;Büdel & Schultz 2003), Rinodina (Matzer & Mayrhofer 1994, Roccellina (Tehler 1983), Santessonia (Hale & vobis 1978;Sérusiaux & wessels 1984;Follmann 2006), Siphula (Mathey 1974;Kantvilas 2002b, Staurothele (wirth 2006), Teloschistes (Almborn 1989;Frödén & Kärnefelt 2007); Toninia (Timdal 1991), Xanthoparmelia (Hale 1990;Elix 1997aElix , 1999b, and Xanthoria (Kärnefelt et al 2002a;Kondratyuk et al 2004;Eichenberger et al 2007).…”