Phytofabrication of nanoparticles through plant as nanofactories

Abstract

In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have emerged as a new area of fundamental science and are receiving global attention due to their extensive applications. Conventionally nanoparticles were manufactured by physical and chemical techniques. The recent development and implementation of new technologies have led to a new trend, the nano-revolution unfolding the role of plants in bio-and green synthesis of nanoparticles which seems to have drawn a quite unequivocal attention to the synthesis of stable nanoparticles. Although nanoparticles can be synthesized through many conventional methods, biological route of the synthesis is more competent than the physical and chemical techniques. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles have enjoyed an upsurge of applications in various sectors. Hence, the present study envisions biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plants which are emerging as nanofactories. Hence, the present review summarizes the literature reported thus far and envisions plants as emerging sources of nanofactories along with applications, the mechanism behind phytosynthesis of nanoparticles and the mechanism of antibacterial action of nanoparticles.

Biofabricación de nanopartículas de metales usando células vegetales o extractos de plantas

“…Por otra parte para la fabricación biológica de NPs es posible utilizar cultivos de bacterias o cianobacterias (Patel et al, 2015), hongos (Ahmad et al, 2003), microalgas (Patel et al, 2015) o bien cultivos de células u órganos vegetales (AlShalabi y Doran 2013), plantas completas (Mittal et al, 2014) o sus estructuras, por ejemplo brotes (Gardea-Torresdey et al 2003), flores y tallos (Kuppusamy et al, 2016) o raíces (Pardha-Saradhi et al, 2014b). El proceso de fabricación biológica puede ocurrir de forma intracelular (Haverkamp and Marshall 2008), extracelular (Li et al, 2011) o inclusive ex planta por medio de los exudados radicales (Pardha-Saradhi et al, 2014a).…”

“…Moreover for biological production of NPs can use cultures of bacteria or cyanobacteria (Patel et al, 2015), fungi (Ahmad et al, 2003), microalgae (Patel et al, 2015) or cell cultures or plant organs (Al-Shalabi and Doran 2013), whole plants (Mittal et al, 2014) or structures such outbreaks (Gardea-Torresdey et al, 2003), flowers and stems (Kuppusamy et al, 2014) or roots (PardhaSaradhi et al, 2014b). The manufacturing process may occur biological intracellularly (Haverkamp and Marshall 2008), extracellular (Li et al, 2011) or even ex plant via root exudates (Pardha-Saradhi et al, 2014A).…”

“…La biosíntesis de NPs se observa incluso en células humanas (Anshup et al, 2005;El-Said et al, 2014), y en general en los sistemas bioquímicos derivados de seres vivos, es decir, sistemas que muestren capacidad reductora como por ejemplo los extractos frescos o secos obtenidos de organismos vegetales (Mittal et al 2013;Kumar et al 2013;Huang et al, 2015), la miel (Venu et al, 2011), el vino (Mittal et al, 2014), o hasta el material obtenido de la lisis celular (El-Said et al, 2014). Las NPs obtenidas pueden formar óxidos (Haverkamp y Marshall, 2008) o complejos hidratados (Petit et al, 2015), aunque lo que normalmente It seems then that the synthesis of NPs would be the first defensive responses of plants to stress induced by excess metal ions.…”

“…The biosynthesis NPs is observed even human cells (Anshup et al, 2005;El-Said et al, 2014), and generally in biochemical systems derived from living things, that is, systems that exhibit reducing ability as example fresh or dried extracts obtained from plant organisms (Mittal et al, 2013;Kumar et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2015), honey (Venu et al, 2011), wine (Mittal et al, 2014), or to the material obtained from cell lysis (El-Said et al, 2014). The NPs obtained can form oxides (Haverkamp and Marshall, 2008) or complex hydrated (Petit et al, 2015), but what usually happens is the NPs acquire an organic coating adsorbed on the surface of the NPs, which increases its stability and decreases aggregation (Iravani, 2011); i.e., biological agents develop a double function as reducing agents and as coating.…”

Silver and Silver Chloride Nanoparticles and their Anti-Tick Activity: a Mini Review

“…One important nanostructure is the silver nanoparticles (Ag 0 ) or also nanoparticles of the silver cloride (AgCl). The silver nanoparticles biogenically synthesized are widely studied by many research groups in the world [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and Ag 0 nanoparticles were quite efficient against Aedes aegypti.…”