Phytoestrogens from Aspalathus linearis

Shimamura, Naomi; Miyase, Toshio; Umehara, Kaoru; Warashina, Tsutomu; Fujii, Satoshi

doi:10.1248/bpb.29.1271

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Prior to the feeding experiment, the phytochemical composition as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity of the aqueous rooibos extract and red palm oil were quantified in order to determine whether the phenolic and antioxidant content of the plant extracts played an important role in their observed health effects. In accordance with previously published studies, HPLC quantification of the rooibos extract showed that aspalathin is the major flavonoid present in rooibos, along with others such as iso-orientin, orientin, vitexin, iso-vitexin and hyperoside/rutin (Rabe et al, 1994;Bramati et al, 2002;Shimamura et al, 2006). Different isoforms of vitamin E, α-and β-carotene were also quantified in the RPO used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It is naturally caffeine-free and has low tannin content when compared to Camellia sinensis teas, but high in unique antioxidant polyphenols (Joubert et al, 2008). Rooibos has a flavonoid profile that is distinctly different from those found in Camellia sinensis, including the β-dihydroxy-dihydrochalcone glucoside aspalathin, and its cyclic counterpart aspalalinin, both of which are unique to rooibos (Rabe et al, 1994;Shimamura et al, 2006), the dihydrochalcone nothofagin, as well as flavonols including orietin, iso-orientin, vitexin, isovitexin, luteolin, quercetin and chrysoeriol among others (Rabe et al, 1994;Bramati et al, 2002;Joubert et al, 2008). Studies has shown that rooibos exert hepatoprotective effect in acute and chronic liver damage in rats (Ulicna et al, 2003;, and modulate oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation and improving glutathione redox status in rat tissues and in humans (Nikolova et Red palm oil (RPO) is the edible oil obtained from crude palm oil extracted from the oil palm plant, (Elaeis guineesis), after a modified refining process, involving degumming and bleaching, followed by de-acidification and deodorisation by molecular distillation (Nagendran et al,200).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatic, renal and endogenous antioxidant status modulatory effects of chronic co-supplementation of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and red palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) in male Wistar rats

Ajuwon

Oguntibeju

Marnewick

2016

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: This study investigated the hepatic, renal and endogenous antioxidant status modulatory effects of chronic cosupplementation of rooibos and red palm oil (RPO) in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomized into four groups (n=10/group) and fed daily either standard rat chow (SRC) and water (Group I), SRC and the aqueous rooibos extract (2% w/v; Group II), SRC and RPO (200 µL/day) with water (Group III), or SRC and RPO (200 µL/day) with rooibos (2% w/v; Group IV) for 22 weeks. Results: Chronic feeding of rooibos, RPO or their combination did not induce any adverse hepatic or renal effects, as shown by serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine-and aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid. Histopathology analyses showed that liver from the three supplementation groups displayed normal hepatic histoarchitecture. Chronic feeding of RPO did not influence the redox status in the blood and liver significantly. Supplementation of rooibos alone for 22 weeks significantly (P<0.05) increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) level, GSH/GSSG ratio and catalase (CAT) activity in the liver. Co-supplementation of rooibos and RPO significantly (P<0.05) increased plasma total polyphenol content, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), as well as blood GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio. Plasma conjugated dienes (CD) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were reduced significantly by the combination treatment, which also increased significantly the activity of CAT, glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the GSH/GSSG ratio in the liver. Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic feeding of an aqueous fermented rooibos extract alone or in combination with RPO modulate the endogenous antioxidant system in rats. This modulation could be indicative of a threshold effect and/or an additive effect indicating a positive interaction between the bioactive components in the rooibos and RPO; however future studies are needed to elucidate the nature and specific mechanisms involved. Also, the health status of the individual/experimental animal should be considered before antioxidant supplementation, as it is suggested to affect the outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic, renal and endogenous antioxidant status modulatory effects of chronic co-supplementation of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and red palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) in male Wistar rats

Ajuwon

Oguntibeju

Marnewick

2016

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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“…Rooibos is known as a caffeinefree herbal tea, although traces of the alkaloid sparteine have been reported [50]. Rooibos contains two unique phenolic compounds, namely, aspalathin [51], a dihydrochalcone Cglucoside, and aspalalinin [52], a cyclic dihydrochalcone. Aspalathin and nothofagin, the major rooibos �avonoids, anti-spasmodic only showed moderate antimutagenic effects.…”

Section: Phytochemistry and Biologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other major phenolic compounds present in rooibos include �avones (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, luteolin, and chrysoeriol), �avanones (dihydro-orientin, dihydro-isoorientin, and hemiphlorin), and �avonols (quercetin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and rutin) [52,[57][58][59][60]. Phenolic acids, lignans, �avone diglycosides, (�)-catechin, a phenylpyruvic acid glycoside, the �avonol quercetin-3-O-robinobioside, and the coumarins, esculetin and esculin have also been identi�ed [52,[61][62][63][64].…”

Section: Phytochemistry and Biologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercially Important Medicinal Plants of South Africa: A Review

Street

Prinsloo

2012

Journal of Chemistry

139

114

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ere is a growing interest in natural plant-based remedies as a source for commercial products. Around 80% of the South African population use traditional medicines to meet their primary health care needs; however, only a few South African medicinal plants have been exploited to their full potential in terms of commercialization. e opportunity for bioprospecting of plant compounds for novel pharmaceuticals remains largely untapped. Certain renowned medicinal plants of international acclaim including buchu and rooibos are currently contributing to local enterprise; however, other exciting opportunities exist for commonly used plants which have not yet reached the international arena. is paper focuses on the key research and development contributions of 10 commercially important medicinal plants of South Africa. �raditional uses, scienti�c validation, commercialisation developments, as well as both potential opportunities and setbacks are discussed.

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“…Rooibos is rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (Dos et al, 2005). The major flavonoids found in Rooibos tea are aspalathin, iso-orientin, orientin and rutin (Shimamura et al, 2006). The skin is the largest organ of the body and is exposed to environmental oxidative stress.…”

Section: Aloesinmentioning

confidence: 99%