Phytoestrogens and risk of prostate cancer: an updated meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies

Zhang, Qiang; Feng, Hongliang; Qluwakemi, Bakare; Wang, Jiaqi; Yao, Songpo; Cheng, Guangdong; Xu, Hui; Qiu, Hongbin; Zhu, Liling; Ming-Xia, Yuan

doi:10.1080/09637486.2016.1216525

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Epidemiologic studies suggest just the opposite that higher soy intake is associated with a decreased risk of breast [74] and prostate [75][76][77] cancer. However, mean soy protein intake, which comes from traditional Asian soyfoods in the vast majority of these epidemiologic studies, is below the amounts associated with increases in IGF-1 in the clinical studies so the insight this research provides is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Does soy protein affect circulating levels of unbound IGF-1?

Messina

Magee

2017

Eur J Nutr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Does soy protein affect circulating levels of unbound IGF-1?

Messina

Magee

2017

Eur J Nutr

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“…In general, the evidence, although limited, points towards enterolactone being of relevance especially in relation to women's health including hormone-related cancers (42,43) . In the present study, an association between high enterolactone concentrations and lower colorectal cancer-specific mortality was found among women only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediagnosis plasma concentrations of enterolactone and survival after colorectal cancer: the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort

et al. 2018

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The association between lifestyle and survival after colorectal cancer has received limited attention. The female sex hormone, oestrogen, has been associated with lower colorectal cancer risk and mortality after colorectal cancer. Phyto-oestrogens are plant compounds with structure similar to oestrogen, and the main sources in Western populations are plant lignans. We investigated the association between the main lignan metabolite, enterolactone and survival after colorectal cancer among participants in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Prediagnosis plasma samples and lifestyle data, and clinical data from time of diagnosis from 416 women and 537 men diagnosed with colorectal cancer were used. Enterolactone was measured in plasma using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Participants were followed from date of diagnosis until death or end of follow-up. During this time, 210 women and 325 men died (170 women and 215 men died due to colorectal cancer). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI. Enterolactone concentrations were associated with lower colorectal cancer-specific mortality among women (HRper doubling: 0·88, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·97, P=0·0123). For men, on the contrary, enterolactone concentrations were associated with higher colorectal cancer-specific mortality (HRper doubling: 1·10, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·21, P=0·0379). The use of antibiotics affects enterolactone production, and the associations between higher enterolactone and lower colorectal cancer-specific mortality were more pronounced among women who did not use antibiotics (analysis on a subset). Our results suggest that enterolactone is associated with lower risk of mortality among women, but the opposite association was found among men.

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“…However, as is the case for breast cancer, prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates vary dramatically throughout the world; rates in Asian countries where soyfoods are commonly consumed are very low relative to Western countries [270]. More relevant are the Asian population studies showing that higher soy consumption is associated with as much as a 50% reduction in prostate cancer risk although most data come from case-control not longitudinal studies [271,272,273,274]. …”

Section: Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature

2016

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Soyfoods have long been recognized as sources of high-quality protein and healthful fat, but over the past 25 years these foods have been rigorously investigated for their role in chronic disease prevention and treatment. There is evidence, for example, that they reduce risk of coronary heart disease and breast and prostate cancer. In addition, soy alleviates hot flashes and may favorably affect renal function, alleviate depressive symptoms and improve skin health. Much of the focus on soyfoods is because they are uniquely-rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Despite the many proposed benefits, the presence of isoflavones has led to concerns that soy may exert untoward effects in some individuals. However, these concerns are based primarily on animal studies, whereas the human research supports the safety and benefits of soyfoods. In support of safety is the recent conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority that isoflavones do not adversely affect the breast, thyroid or uterus of postmenopausal women. This review covers each of the major research areas involving soy focusing primarily on the clinical and epidemiologic research. Background information on Asian soy intake, isoflavones, and nutrient content is also provided.

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Phytoestrogens and risk of prostate cancer: an updated meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies

Cited by 47 publications

References 68 publications

Does soy protein affect circulating levels of unbound IGF-1?

Does soy protein affect circulating levels of unbound IGF-1?

Prediagnosis plasma concentrations of enterolactone and survival after colorectal cancer: the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort

Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature

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