Phytoene Accumulation in the Novel Microalga Chlorococcum sp. Using the Pigment Synthesis Inhibitor Fluridone

Laje, Kelly; Seger, Mark; Dungan, Barry; Cooke, Peter; Holguín, F. Omar

doi:10.3390/md17030187

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…produce skincare substances that reduce the size of melanocytes and the amount of hyperpigmentation [170], halotolerant marine microalgae, such as Chaetoceros mulleri and Tisochrysis lutea, produce sterols used in the pharmaceutical industry [171], the pigment Astaxanthin successfully commercialized produced by Heamatococcus pluvialis [172], and Chlorococcum sp. produce carotenoids and phytoene [173]. Although there are some successful samples of microalgal cultures, some technologies can help to improve biomass are high-valuable compounds production, revalorize waste material by microalgal metabolism, and integrate a downstream process to obtain several products in one cultivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Biotechnology

et al. 2022

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Marine organisms are a valuable source of new compounds, many of which have remarkable biotechnological properties, such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, which have attracted special attention to develop new industrial production routes. These organisms are a source of many biologically active molecules in nature, including antioxidants, immunostimulants, antivirals, antibiotics, hemagglutinates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, peptides, proteins, biofuels, and pigments. The use of several technologies to improve biomass production, in the first step, industrial processes schemes have been addressed with different accomplishments. It is critical to consider all steps involved in producing a bioactive valuable compound, such as species and strain selection, nutrient supply required to support productivity, type of photobioreactor, downstream processes, namely extraction, recovery, and purification. In general, two product production schemes can be mentioned; one for large amounts of product, such as biodiesel or any other biofuel and the biomass for feeding purposes; the other for when the product will be used in the human health domain, such as antivirals, antibiotics, antioxidants, etc. Several applications for microalgae have been documented. In general, the usefulness of an application for each species of microalgae is determined by growth and product production. Furthermore, the use of OMICS technologies enabled the development of a new design for human therapeutic recombinant proteins, including strain selection based on previous proteomic profiles, gene cloning, and the development of expression networks. Microalgal expression systems have an advantage over traditional microbial, plant, and mammalian expression systems for new and sustainable microalga applications, for responsible production and consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Biotechnology

et al. 2022

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“…On the other hand, studies have shown that non-lethal doses of fluridone could lead to the accumulation of phytoene in Chlorococcum sp. The fatty acid composition in Chlorella also changed after fluridone treatment [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of Fluridone’s Effects on Growth and Pigment Accumulation of Haematococcus pluvialis Based on Transcriptome Sequencing

Sun

Zan

Zang

2022

IJMS

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Haematococcus pluvialis has high economic value because of its high astaxanthin-producing ability. The mutation breeding of Haematococcus pluvialis is an important method to improve the yield of astaxanthin. Fluoridone, an inhibitor of phytoene dehydrogenase, can be used as a screening reagent for mutation breeding of Haematococcus pluvialis. This study describes the effect of fluridone on the biomass, chlorophyll, and astaxanthin content of Haematococcus pluvialis at different growth stages. Five fluridone concentrations (0.00 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L, 0.50 mg/L, 1.00 mg/L, and 2.00 mg/L) were set to treat Haematococcus pluvialis. It was found that fluridone significantly inhibited the growth and accumulation of astaxanthin in the red dormant stage. In addition, transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the expression of genes related to four metabolic pathways in photosynthesis, carotenoid synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and cellular antioxidant in algae after fluridone treatment. The results showed that six genes related to photosynthesis were downregulated. FPPS, lcyB genes related to carotenoid synthesis are downregulated, but carotenoid β-cyclic hydroxylase gene (LUT5), which plays a role in the conversion of carotenoid to abscisic acid (ABA), was upregulated, while the expression of phytoene dehydrogenase gene did not change. Two genes related to cell antioxidant capacity were upregulated. In the fatty acid metabolism pathway, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene (ACACA) was downregulated in the green stage, but upregulated in the red stage, and the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene (SAD) was upregulated. According to the transcriptome results, fluridone can affect the astaxanthin accumulation and growth of Haematococcus pluvialis by regulating the synthesis of carotenoids, chlorophyll, fatty acids, and so on. It is expected to be used as a screening agent for the breeding of Haematococcus pluvialis. This research also provides an experimental basis for research on the mechanism of astaxanthin metabolism in Haematococcus pluvialis.

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“…Chlorococcum sp. is known for accumulating large amounts of lipids [19] and producing high amounts of carotenoids [20]. Furthermore, Chlorococcum sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Anti-Obesity, Anti-Steatosis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis under Different Growth Conditions

et al. 2021

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Microalgae are known as a producer of proteins and lipids, but also of valuable compounds for human health benefits (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); minerals, vitamins, or other compounds). The overall objective of this research was to prospect novel products, such as nutraceuticals from microalgae, for application in human health, particularly for metabolic diseases. Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis were grown autotrophically, and C. vulgaris was additionally grown heterotrophically. Microalgae biomass was extracted using organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction). Those extracts were evaluated for their bioactivities, toxicity, and metabolite profile. Some of the extracts reduced the neutral lipid content using the zebrafish larvae fat metabolism assay, reduced lipid accumulation in fatty-acid-overloaded HepG2 liver cells, or decreased the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in RAW264.7 macrophages. Toxicity was not observed in the MTT assay in vitro or by the appearance of lethality or malformations in zebrafish larvae in vivo. Differences in metabolite profiles of microalgae extracts obtained by UPLC-LC-MS/MS and GNPS analyses revealed unique compounds in the active extracts, whose majority did not have a match in mass spectrometry databases and could be potentially novel compounds. In conclusion, microalgae extracts demonstrated anti-obesity, anti-steatosis, and anti-inflammatory activities and could be valuable resources for developing future nutraceuticals. In particular, the ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of the heterotrophic C. vulgaris significantly enhanced the anti-obesity activity and demonstrated that the alteration of culture conditions is a valuable approach to increase the production of high-value compounds.

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Phytoene Accumulation in the Novel Microalga Chlorococcum sp. Using the Pigment Synthesis Inhibitor Fluridone

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Sustainable Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Biotechnology

Sustainable Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Biotechnology

Research of Fluridone’s Effects on Growth and Pigment Accumulation of Haematococcus pluvialis Based on Transcriptome Sequencing

Potential Anti-Obesity, Anti-Steatosis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis under Different Growth Conditions

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