Phytoecdysteroids: biological aspects

Dinan, Laurence

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00078-4

Cited by 350 publications

(340 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Ecdysteroids act as molting hormones in insects and also play a defensive role against insect herbivory in plants (8). There are a large number of structurally related ecdysteriods in plants (phytoecdysteriods).…”

Section: An Ecdysteroid Hormone Which Controls Molting and Reproductimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on Proteolytic Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Hirunsai

Yimlamai

Suksamrarn

2016

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Abstract. Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition associated with a variety of pathological conditions (e.g. diabetes mellitus, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic heart failure), physiological consequence of aging (sarcopenia), and disuse (e.g. casting-immobilization, microgravity, or tendon injury), subsequently leading to a decrease in mobility and reduced quality of life (1). Muscle atrophy is characterized by a decrease of protein content leading to a reduction in cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers and impairment of muscle force generation and fatigue resistance (2, 3). Skeletal muscle mass is determined by the balance of protein synthesis and protein breakdown. However, previous compelling evidence has indicated that disuse muscle atrophy is primarily caused by the increase in the rate of protein degradation rather than a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis (4). Although several proteolytic systems are involved in protein turnover in skeletal muscle, recent studies suggested that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents the major intracellular proteolysis machinery responsible for the degradation of major contractile proteins, and contributes significantly to muscle atrophy in both animal and human models (1, 5).To date, in spite of many attempts, there is no single effective method to completely cure muscle atrophy. Although several pharmacological agents such as β2-adrenergic agonist or proteasome inhibitors have been prescribed to combat muscle atrophy (5), these drugs do not come without side-effects. Therefore, a search for a nonpharmacological therapeutic strategy should be considered as an alternative approach to tackle these clinical problems. There is evidence that ecdysteroids, insect hormones, have an anabolic effect on skeletal muscle (6) with no side-effects in mammals, including humans (7).Ecdysteroids act as molting hormones in insects and also play a defensive role against insect herbivory in plants (8).There are a large number of structurally related ecdysteriods in plants (phytoecdysteriods). Of these, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is the most commonly found and extensively studied. This compound is present at high concentration in the bark of blackberry tree (Vitex glabrata). 20E has low toxicity in mammals: the lethal dose 50 (LD 50 ) is 6.4 g/kg in mice for intraperitoneal injection and more than 9 g/kg when given orally (9). The pharmacokinetics of 20E depend on the mode of administration, for example, the half-time of elimination of this substance in lambs when administered via oral, intravenous, and intramuscular routes were 0.2, 0.4, and 2 h, respectively (10). It has been reported that the half-life of

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Section: An Ecdysteroid Hormone Which Controls Molting and Reproductimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on Proteolytic Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Hirunsai

Yimlamai

Suksamrarn

2016

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“…Geometridae) feeding on leaves of Euonymus spp. (Celastraceae) during the larval stage store a large quantity of a bitter-tasting cyanoglucoside, sarmentosin (34), in the adult body tissues from the larval hosts. 41,46) Sarmentosin itself is not cyanogenic, but its epoxide spontaneously liberates HCN.…”

Section: Sequestration Of Plant Allelochemicals For Defensementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical ecology of insect–plant interactions: ecological significance of plant secondary metabolites

Nishida

2014

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

124

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“…Extracts of A. bracteosa contain a substantial number of valuable natural products such as neoclerodane diterpenoids, phytoecdysteroids (20-Hydroxyecdysone), iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and withanolides (Pala et al 2011). Among these, 20-Hydroxyecdysone is the primary bioactive constituent in A. bracteosa extract and is reported as anti-microbial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and insect anti-feedant agent (Dinan 2001). Withanolides have proven to be effective in treatment against bronchial asthma, inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune diseases (Misico et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of methyl jasmonate and phenyl acetic acid on biomass accumulation and antioxidant potential in adventitious roots of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth., a high valued endangered medicinal plant

Saeed

Ali

Khan

et al. 2017

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Ajuga bracteosa is a medicinally important plant globally used in the folk medicine against many serious ailments. In the present study, effects of two significant elicitors, methyl jasmonate (Me-J) and phenyl acetic acid (PAA) were studied on growth parameters, secondary metabolites production, and antioxidant potential in adventitious root suspension cultures of A. bracteosa. The results showed a substantial increase in biomass accumulation, exhibiting longer log phases of cultures growth in response to elicitor treatments, in comparison to control. Maximum dry biomass formation (8.88 DW g/L) was recorded on 32nd day in log phase of culture when 0.6 mg/L Me-J was applied; however, PAA at 1.2 mg/L produced maximum biomass (8.24 DW g/L) on day 40 of culture. Furthermore, we observed the elicitors-induced enhancement in phenolic content (total phenolic content), flavonoid content (total flavonoid content) and antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging activity) in root suspension cultures of A. bracteosa. Application of 0.6 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L of Me-J, root cultures accumulated higher TPC levels (3.6 mg GAE/g DW) and (3.7 mg GAE/g DW) in the log phase and stationary phase, respectively, while 2.5 mg/L Me-J produced lower levels (1.4 mg GAE/g DW) in stationary phase of growth stages. Moreover, TFC and FRSA values were found in correspondence to TPC values in the respective growth phases at the similar elicitor treatment. Thus, a feasible protocol for establishment of adventitious roots in A. bracteosa was developed and enhancement in biomass and metabolite content in adventitious root was promoted through elicitation.

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Phytoecdysteroids: biological aspects

Cited by 350 publications

References 125 publications

Effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on Proteolytic Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on Proteolytic Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Chemical ecology of insect–plant interactions: ecological significance of plant secondary metabolites

Impacts of methyl jasmonate and phenyl acetic acid on biomass accumulation and antioxidant potential in adventitious roots of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth., a high valued endangered medicinal plant

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