Phytocytokines function as immunological modulators of plant immunity

Hou, Sen; Liu, Qiaoquan; He, Ping

doi:10.1007/s44154-021-00009-y

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(228 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, perception of a highly conserved epitope of bacterial translation elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) by the LRR-RK EF-Tu RECEPTOR (EFR) also results in PTI activation through heteromerization with BAK1 and phosphorylation of BIK1 ( Lal et al., 2018 ). Moreover, the recognition of plant-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and phytocytokines by LRR-RKs/RLKs is important for PTI ( Hou et al., 2021 ; Tanaka and Heil, 2021 ). PTI acts as a basal defense mechanism against various types of pathogens through defense responses that include the induction of defense gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, callose deposition, and accumulation of antimicrobial secondary metabolites ( Naveed et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Plant Immunity System and Defense Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms

Son

Park

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Rapid climate change caused by human activity is threatening global crop production and food security worldwide. In particular, the emergence of new infectious plant pathogens and the geographical expansion of plant disease incidence result in serious yield losses of major crops annually. Since climate change has accelerated recently and is expected to worsen in the future, we have reached an inflection point where comprehensive preparations to cope with the upcoming crisis can no longer be delayed. Development of new plant breeding technologies including site-directed nucleases offers the opportunity to mitigate the effects of the changing climate. Therefore, understanding the effects of climate change on plant innate immunity and identification of elite genes conferring disease resistance are crucial for the engineering of new crop cultivars and plant improvement strategies. Here, we summarize and discuss the effects of major environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration on plant immunity systems. This review provides a strategy for securing crop-based nutrition against severe pathogen attacks in the era of climate change.

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Section: Plant Immunity System and Defense Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms

Son

Park

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…We examined the potential of our predicted peptide products as phytocytokines, peptides with immunoregulatory functions (Hou et al, 2021). We screened all TOP-regulated bioactive peptides and controls using a flood innoculation assay to quantify their effect on the plant ETI phenotype.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput peptidomics elucidates immunoregulatory functions of plant thimet oligopeptidase-directed proteostasis

Iannetta

Berg

Nejat

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Targeted proteolysis activities activated during the plant immune response catalyze the synthesis of stable endogenous peptides. Little is known about their biogenesis and biological roles. Herein, we characterize an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant top1top2 in which targeted proteolysis of immune-active peptides is drastically impaired during effector-triggered immunity (ETI). For effective ETI, the redox-sensitive thimet oligopeptidases TOP1 and TOP2 are required. Quantitative mass spectrometry-based peptidomics allowed differential peptidome profiling of wild type (WT) and top1top2 mutant at the early ETI stages. Biological processes of energy-producing and redox homeostasis were enriched, and TOPs were necessary to maintain the dynamics of ATP and NADP(H) accumulation in the plant during ETI. Subsequently, a set of novel TOPs substrates validated in vitro enabled the definition of the TOP-specific cleavage motif and informed an in-silico model of TOP proteolysis to generate bioactive peptide candidates. Several candidates, including those derived from proteins associated with redox metabolism, were confirmed in planta. The top1top2 background rescued WT’s ETI deficiency caused by treatment with peptides derived from targeted proteolysis of the negative immune regulator FBR12, the reductive enzyme APX1, the isoprenoid pathway enzyme DXR, and ATP-subunit β. These results demonstrate TOPs role in orchestrating the production and degradation of phytocytokines.

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“…Indeed, for BPH, a rice–specific piercing–sucking insect pest, only a mucin–like protein from its saliva has been identified so far as an elicitor of rice immune responses (Shangguan et al., 2018 ). On the other hand, plants have evolved a smart countermeasure to amplify the invader–induced immunity by producing phytocytokines (Hou et al., 2021 ). Systemin, the first known phytocytokine, has been found to promote defence responses in Solanaceous plants against the chewing insect herbivore Manduca sexta (Orozco–Cardenas et al., 1993 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant elicitor peptide signalling confers rice resistance to piercing‐sucking insect herbivores and pathogens

Shen

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary Rice is a staple food crop worldwide, and its production is severely threatened by phloem‐feeding insect herbivores, particularly the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens ), and destructive pathogens. Despite the identification of many BPH resistance genes, the molecular basis of rice resistance to BPH remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the plant elicitor peptide (Pep) signalling confers rice resistance to BPH. Both rice PEP RECEPTOR s ( PEPR s) and PRECURSORs of PEP ( PROPEPs ), particularly OsPROPEP3 , were transcriptionally induced in leaf sheaths upon BPH infestation. Knockout of OsPEPR s impaired rice resistance to BPH, whereas exogenous application of OsPep3 improved the resistance. Hormone measurement and co‐profiling of transcriptomics and metabolomics in OsPep3‐treated rice leaf sheaths suggested potential contributions of jasmonic acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and phenylpropanoid metabolism to OsPep3‐induced rice immunity. Moreover, OsPep3 elicitation also strengthened rice resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and bacterial pathogen Xanthamonas oryzae pv. oryzae and provoked immune responses in wheat. Collectively, this work demonstrates a previously unappreciated importance of the Pep signalling in plants for combating piercing‐sucking insect herbivores and promises exogenous application of OsPep3 as an eco‐friendly immune stimulator in agriculture for crop protection against a broad spectrum of insect pests and pathogens.

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Phytocytokines function as immunological modulators of plant immunity

Cited by 52 publications

References 118 publications

Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms

Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms

High throughput peptidomics elucidates immunoregulatory functions of plant thimet oligopeptidase-directed proteostasis

Plant elicitor peptide signalling confers rice resistance to piercing‐sucking insect herbivores and pathogens

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